Viscoelastic surface electrode arrays to interface with viscoelastic tissues

Tringides, Christina M.; Vachicouras, Nicolas; Lázaro, Irene de; Wang, Hua; Trouillet, Alix; Seo, Bo Ri; Elosegui‐Artola, Alberto; Fallegger, Florian; Shin, Yuyoung; Casiraghi, Cinzia; Kostarelos, Kostas; Lacour, Stéphanie; Mooney, David J.

doi:10.1038/s41565-021-00926-z

Cited by 167 publications

(166 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…[13,14] Apart from matching the stiffness, a few recent studies have explored the use of viscoelastic materials for chronic neural electrical interfaces. [15,16] However, the as-fabricated neural electrodes are also soft like the neural tissues, bringing difficulty for practical uses that require mechanical robustness for implantation procedures. [11,17] Graphene, as a carbon-based electroconductive 2D nanomaterial, has been extensively explored as a neural electrode material.…”

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confidence: 99%

Harnessing the 2D Structure‐Enabled Viscoelasticity of Graphene‐Based Hydrogel Membranes for Chronic Neural Interfacing

et al. 2022

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Stiffness and viscoelasticity of neural implants regulate the foreign body response. Recent studies have suggested the use of elastic or viscoelastic materials with tissue‐like stiffness for long‐term neural electrical interfacing. Herein, the authors find that a viscoelastic multilayered graphene hydrogel (MGH) membrane, despite exhibiting a much higher Young's modulus than nerve tissues, shows little inflammatory response after 8‐week implantation in rat sciatic nerves. The MGH membrane shows significant viscoelasticity due to the slippage between graphene nanosheets, facilitating its seamless yet minimally compressive interfacing with nerves to reduce the inflammation caused by the stiffness mismatch. When used as neural stimulation electrodes, the MGH membrane can offer abundant ion‐accessible surfaces to bring a charge injection capacity 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than its traditional Pt counterpart, and further demonstrates chronic neural therapy potential in low‐voltage modulation of rat blood pressure. This work suggests that the emergence of 2D nanomaterials and particularly their unique structural attributes can be harnessed to enable new bio‐interfacing design strategies.

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confidence: 99%

Harnessing the 2D Structure‐Enabled Viscoelasticity of Graphene‐Based Hydrogel Membranes for Chronic Neural Interfacing

et al. 2022

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“…a) The swelling ratios and b) the electrical conductivities of PEDOT:PSS hydrogel /EMIM‐TFSI and PEDOT:PSS hydrogel /EMIM‐Cl vary with the glycerol concentration. c) Comparison of the highest electrical conductivities of PEDOT:PSS hydrogel /EMIM‐TFSI with literature reported values (: without conductive filler; [ 12,18,24,27 ] : Ag‐based hydrogel; [ 28,29 ] : graphene‐based hydrogel; [ 30 ] : CNT based hydrogel [ 17,31 ] ). d) Illustration of the formation of pristine PEDOT:PSS hydrogel formed in water, IL doped PEDOT:PSS hydrogel formed in water, IL doped PEDOT:PSS hydrogel formed in glycerol aqueous solution.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the thickness was smaller for hydrogels formed in the aqueous solution with higher glycerol concentration when the initial PEDOT:PSS films were the same (Figure 3d). [12,18,24,27] : Ag-based hydrogel; [28,29] : graphene-based hydrogel; [30] : CNT based hydrogel [17,31] ). d) Illustration of the formation of pristine PEDOT:PSS hydrogel formed in water, IL doped PEDOT:PSS hydrogel formed in water, IL doped PEDOT:PSS hydrogel formed in glycerol aqueous solution.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ultra‐High Electrical Conductivity in Filler‐Free Polymeric Hydrogels Toward Thermoelectrics and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

Wang

et al. 2022

Advanced Materials

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Conducting hydrogels have attracted much attention for the emerging field of hydrogel bioelectronics, especially poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) based hydrogels, because of their great biocompatibility and stability. However, the electrical conductivities of hydrogels are often lower than 1 S cm−1 which are not suitable for digital circuits or applications in bioelectronics. Introducing conductive inorganic fillers into the hydrogels can improve their electrical conductivities. However, it may lead to compromises in compliance, biocompatibility, deformability, biodegradability, etc. Herein, a series of highly conductive ionic liquid (IL) doped PEDOT:PSS hydrogels without any conductive fillers is reported. These hydrogels exhibit high conductivities up to ≈305 S cm−1, which is ≈8 times higher than the record of polymeric hydrogels without conductive fillers in literature. The high electrical conductivity results in enhanced areal thermoelectric output power for hydrogel‐based thermoelectric devices, and high specific electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding efficiency which is about an order in magnitude higher than that of state‐of‐the‐art conductive hydrogels in literature. Furthermore, these stretchable (strain >30%) hydrogels exhibit fast self‐healing, and shape/size‐tunable properties, which are desirable for hydrogel bioelectronics and wearable organic devices. The results indicate that these highly conductive hydrogels are promising in applications such as sensing, thermoelectrics, EMI shielding, etc.

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“…[288] Unlike static neural implants mentioned above, in vivo ECG recording equipment on the surface of the heart is subjected to dynamic movement. [374][375][376][377] Consequently, leveraging this biomechanical beating to energize the implant is a unique feature of some ECG monitors compared to the other aforementioned electrophysiological recorders. [378] As implants, flexible self-powered ECG devices have been explored through piezoelectric, [327,379] triboelectric, [380,381] and photovoltaic [382] methods.…”

Section: Ecgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Electronics and Devices as Human–Machine Interfaces for Medical Robotics

2022

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Medical robots are invaluable players in non-pharmaceutical treatment of disabilities. Particularly, using prosthetic and rehabilitation devices with human-machine interfaces can greatly improve the quality of life for impaired patients. In recent years, flexible electronic interfaces and soft robotics have attracted tremendous attention in this field due to their high biocompatibility, functionality, conformability, and low-cost. Flexible human-machine interfaces on soft robotics would make a promising alternative to conventional rigid devices, which could potentially revolutionize the paradigm and future direction of medical robotics in terms of rehabilitation feedback and user experience. In this review, the fundamental components of the materials, structures, and mechanisms in flexible humanmachine interfaces are summarized by recent and renown applications in five primary areas: physical and chemical sensing, physiological recording, information processing and communication, soft robotic actuation, and feedback stimulation. This review further concludes by discussing the outlook and current challenges of these technologies as a human-machine interface in medical robotics.

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Viscoelastic surface electrode arrays to interface with viscoelastic tissues

Cited by 167 publications

References 40 publications

Harnessing the 2D Structure‐Enabled Viscoelasticity of Graphene‐Based Hydrogel Membranes for Chronic Neural Interfacing

Harnessing the 2D Structure‐Enabled Viscoelasticity of Graphene‐Based Hydrogel Membranes for Chronic Neural Interfacing

Ultra‐High Electrical Conductivity in Filler‐Free Polymeric Hydrogels Toward Thermoelectrics and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

Flexible Electronics and Devices as Human–Machine Interfaces for Medical Robotics

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