Viscoelastic properties of zonal articular chondrocytes measured by atomic force microscopy

Darling, Eric M.; Zauscher, Stefan; Guilak, Farshid

doi:10.1016/j.joca.2005.12.003

Cited by 289 publications

(314 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…While there have been many mechanical property measurements of viscoelasticity in cartilage 36 , chondrons 37,38 , and chondrocytes 39,40 , this mechanotransduction study examined how the matrix viscoelasticity impacts chondrocyte behavior. Previous studies have found limited proliferation and deposition of cartilage matrix by chondrocytes encapsulated in non-degradable or slowly-degrading hydrogels of PEG 12 , agarose 13 , alginate 41 and hyaluronic acid 22 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical confinement regulates cartilage matrix formation by chondrocytes

et al. 2017

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Cartilage tissue equivalents formed from hydrogels containing chondrocytes could provide a solution for replacing damaged cartilage. Previous approaches have often utilized elastic hydrogels. However, elastic stresses may restrict cartilage matrix formation and alter the chondrocyte phenotype. Here we investigated the use of viscoelastic hydrogels, in which stresses are relaxed over time and which exhibit creep, for 3D culture of chondrocytes. We found that faster relaxation promoted a striking increase in the volume of interconnected cartilage matrix formed by chondrocytes. In slower relaxing gels, restriction of cell volume expansion by elastic stresses led to increased secretion of IL-1β, which in turn drove strong up-regulation of genes associated with cartilage degradation and cell death. As no cell adhesion ligands are presented by the hydrogels, these results reveal cell sensing of cell volume confinement as an adhesion-independent mechanism of mechanotransduction in 3D culture, and highlight stress relaxation as a key design parameter for cartilage tissue engineering.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19). Similarly, cartilage, chondron, and chondrocytes have been found to exhibit viscoelastic responses with characteristic timescales ranging from 0.5 – 10 seconds 36–40 . These indicate that the fast relaxing hydrogels may more closely mimic the viscoelasticity of the native cartilage microenvironment than the slow relaxing hydrogels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical confinement regulates cartilage matrix formation by chondrocytes

et al. 2017

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“…Despite neglecting microstructural features, continuum models enable quantifying the mechanical properties of cells under various conditions that could provide essential information of cellular subpopulations [25], disease [18], malignant transformation and cell-materials interactions [2]. However, it is worth pointing out that there is no universal mechanical model available to quantify the mechanical properties of living cells at various physiological and microenvironmental conditions, because living cells can dynamically adapt to their environment.…”

Section: Continuum Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanobiomechanics of living cells: a review

Chen

2014

Interface Focus.

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Nanobiomechanics of living cells is very important to understand cellmaterials interactions. This would potentially help to optimize the surface design of the implanted materials and scaffold materials for tissue engineering. The nanoindentation techniques enable quantifying nanobiomechanics of living cells, with flexibility of using indenters of different geometries. However, the data interpretation for nanoindentation of living cells is often difficult. Despite abundant experimental data reported on nanobiomechanics of living cells, there is a lack of comprehensive discussion on testing with different tip geometries, and the associated mechanical models that enable extracting the mechanical properties of living cells. Therefore, this paper discusses the strategy of selecting the right type of indenter tips and the corresponding mechanical models at given test conditions.

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“…Zonal variations in matrix composition and structure contribute to a depth-dependent increase in compressive properties of the cartilage ECM [29 -31]. Isolated chondrocytes also demonstrate zonal differences in their mechanical properties, with superficial zone cells exhibiting higher moduli than do middle/deep zone cells [32,33]. While the three-dimensional morphology and thickness of the PCM varies among the cartilage zones [11,14], micropipette aspiration of mechanically isolated chondrons from canine [34] and human [35,36] cartilage revealed zonal uniformity in the mechanical properties of the PCM, despite significant zonal differences in ECM properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunofluorescence-guided atomic force microscopy to measure the micromechanical properties of the pericellular matrix of porcine articular cartilage

Wilusz

DeFrate

Guilak

2012

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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The pericellular matrix (PCM) is a narrow region that is rich in type VI collagen that surrounds each chondrocyte within the extracellular matrix (ECM) of articular cartilage. Previous studies have demonstrated that the chondrocyte micromechanical environment depends on the relative properties of the chondrocyte, its PCM and the ECM. The objective of this study was to measure the influence of type VI collagen on site-specific micromechanical properties of cartilage in situ by combining atomic force microscopy stiffness mapping with immunofluorescence imaging of PCM and ECM regions in cryo-sectioned tissue samples. This method was used to test the hypotheses that PCM biomechanical properties correlate with the presence of type VI collagen and are uniform with depth from the articular surface. Control experiments verified that immunolabelling did not affect the properties of the ECM or PCM. PCM biomechanical properties correlated with the presence of type VI collagen, and matrix regions lacking type VI collagen immediately adjacent to the PCM exhibited higher elastic moduli than regions positive for type VI collagen. PCM elastic moduli were similar in all three zones. Our findings provide further support for type VI collagen in defining the chondrocyte PCM and contributing to its biological and biomechanical properties.

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Viscoelastic properties of zonal articular chondrocytes measured by atomic force microscopy

Cited by 289 publications

References 65 publications

Mechanical confinement regulates cartilage matrix formation by chondrocytes

Mechanical confinement regulates cartilage matrix formation by chondrocytes

Nanobiomechanics of living cells: a review

Immunofluorescence-guided atomic force microscopy to measure the micromechanical properties of the pericellular matrix of porcine articular cartilage

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