Viscoelastic fluids formed by an ultralong-chain trimeric surfactant and its application in fracturing fluids

Du, Anqi; Jiang, Jianxun; Wang, Dingli; Mao, Jincheng; Ye, Changqing

doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120400

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The tritailed oligomeric surfactant 3C 22 quinQ reported by Du et al can withstand 118 °C at low loading (2 wt %) and had a low core-damage rate of 9.47%. However, a large amount of kerosene (15 wt %) was required to break the gel.…”

Section: High-temperature-resistant Ves Fracturing Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Amazingly, the number of hydrophobic tails is further increased to succeed in improving the temperature tolerance of the oligomeric surfactant fluid. 111 The tritailed oligomeric surfactant 3C 22 quinQ reported by Du et al 226 can withstand 118 °C at low loading (2 wt %) and had a low core-damage rate of 9.47%. However, a large amount of kerosene (15 wt %) was required to break the gel.…”

Section: Oligomeric Surfactant Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review on High-Temperature-Resistant Viscoelastic Surfactant Fracturing Fluids: State-of-the-Art and Perspectives

Liu

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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A viscoelastic surfactant (VES) fluid is an important part of a water-based fracturing fluid. As oil and gas exploration expands into deep, high-temperature, low-permeability reservoirs, the conventional VES fracturing fluid has shown great limitations. The high-temperature-resistance mechanisms of the high-temperature-resistant VES fracturing fluids in publicly available literature were analyzed from five aspects: single-chain surfactant system, oligomeric surfactant system, counterion effect, blended surfactant system, and nano-enhanced VES system. The friction-reduction performance, sand-carrying performance, gel-breaking performance, and core-damage performance of these systems were summarized. The results show that oligomeric surfactants with a monounsaturated hydrophobic long chain (>C21) are most likely to be used for VES fracturing fluids in high-temperature reservoirs, but the loading of the surfactants is still relatively high (3–5 wt %). By reducing the repulsion among polar headgroups to effectively decrease the area of head groups, or/and penetrating into the nonpolar cores based on hydrophobic interaction to increase the average hydrophobic volume of hydrophobic tails, counterions affect the performance of VESs. The aromatic counterion salts are preferred choices for improving the temperature resistance, friction reduction, and suspended sand performance of VES fluids. The blended surfactant/synthetic polymer systems based on noncovalent interaction improve the temperature resistance of VES fluids and reduce the loading of the surfactants to a certain extent. Based on the “pseudo-cross-linking” of nanomaterials and wormlike micelles, a very small amount of nanomaterials can improve the temperature resistance of VES fluids and reduce the loading of the surfactants. The most essential and effective method to improve the temperature resistance of VES fluids for fracturing is the molecular structure design based on the packing parameter theory. However, the synthesis process or route still needs further optimization to reduce production costs. In addition, given the excellent performance of VES fluids enhanced by nanomaterials, further research should be conducted on the influence mechanism of nanomaterial type and geometric features on the performance of VESs, as well as the potential harmfulness of nanomaterials, to promote the field-scale application of nano-enhanced VES fluids.

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Section: High-temperature-resistant Ves Fracturing Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Oligomeric Surfactant Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on High-Temperature-Resistant Viscoelastic Surfactant Fracturing Fluids: State-of-the-Art and Perspectives

Liu

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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“…Du et al reported that linear-type trimeric surfactants with a hydroxy group in the spacer and alkyl chain length of 22 formed thread-like micelles at a concentration of 1 mmol dm –3 in aqueous solutions . Generally, monomeric surfactants form small aggregates at low concentrations in aqueous solution, whereas linear-type trimeric surfactants form large aggregates even at low concentrations . Moreover, it was reported that the addition of potassium chloride to trimeric surfactant solutions suppresses electrostatic repulsion between the hydrophilic groups and causes molecules to pack tightly, resulting in a rapid growth of worm-like micelles .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, monomeric surfactants form small aggregates at low concentrations in aqueous solution, whereas linear-type trimeric surfactants form large aggregates even at low concentrations . Moreover, it was reported that the addition of potassium chloride to trimeric surfactant solutions suppresses electrostatic repulsion between the hydrophilic groups and causes molecules to pack tightly, resulting in a rapid growth of worm-like micelles . Star-type trimeric surfactants with amide or ester bonds in spacers exhibit radially expanded structures extending from the center of spacers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19 Moreover, it was reported that the addition of potassium chloride to trimeric surfactant solutions suppresses electrostatic repulsion between the hydrophilic groups and causes molecules to pack tightly, resulting in a rapid growth of worm-like micelles. 19 Star-type trimeric surfactants with amide 17 or ester 18 spacers. Studies have shown that these surfactants yield aggregates of diminishing sizes as the concentration of the surfactants increases.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural Analysis of Aggregates Formed by Linear- and Star-type Quaternary Ammonium Salt-Based Trimeric Surfactants Using Rheology and Small-Angle X-ray Scattering

Morita,

Yada,

Yoshimura

2024

Langmuir

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We performed a structural analysis of aggregates formed by two types of trimeric surfactants based on quaternary ammonium salts�linear-type 3C n lin-s-Q and star-type 3C n tris-s-Q�featuring varying alkyl chain lengths (n) and spacer chain lengths (s) in aqueous solutions. We performed rheology, dynamic light scattering, and small-angle X-ray scattering measurements on the trimeric surfactants and investigated the effects of the alkyl chain length, spacer chain length, spacer skeleton structure, and surfactant concentration on their aggregation behavior. Linear-type 3C 12 lin-3-Q transitioned from gel solutions to worm-like micelles at high concentrations, and 3C 14 lin-3-Q became gel solutions over a wide range of concentrations. In contrast, all other studied surfactants formed ellipsoidal micelles. The minor and major axes of the ellipsoidal micelles formed by liner-type 3C n lin-3-Q increased with the increasing alkyl chain length. As the spacer chain length of 3C n lin-s-Q increased from 3 to 6, and as the spacer skeleton expanded from linear-type 3C n lin-s-Q to star-type 3C n tris-s-Q, the surfactants formed ellipsoidal micelles without the formation of aggregates with a high-order structure, demonstrating this behavior over a broad concentration range.

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Wormlike Micelles with Photo and pH Dual-Stimuli-Responsive Behaviors Formed by Aqueous Mixture of Cationic and Anionic Surfactants

Wang

Xiao

et al. 2023

Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspect

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Viscoelastic fluids formed by an ultralong-chain trimeric surfactant and its application in fracturing fluids

Cited by 5 publications

References 31 publications

Review on High-Temperature-Resistant Viscoelastic Surfactant Fracturing Fluids: State-of-the-Art and Perspectives

Review on High-Temperature-Resistant Viscoelastic Surfactant Fracturing Fluids: State-of-the-Art and Perspectives

Structural Analysis of Aggregates Formed by Linear- and Star-type Quaternary Ammonium Salt-Based Trimeric Surfactants Using Rheology and Small-Angle X-ray Scattering

Wormlike Micelles with Photo and pH Dual-Stimuli-Responsive Behaviors Formed by Aqueous Mixture of Cationic and Anionic Surfactants

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