Viscoelastic crustal deformation by magmatic intrusion: A case study in the Kutcharo caldera, eastern Hokkaido, Japan

Yamasaki, Tetsuo; Kobayashi, Tomokazu; Wright, Tim; Fukahata, Yukitoshi

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.10.011

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…Newman et al 2001;Del Negro et al 2009;Nooner and Chadwick 2009;Parks et al 2014;Segall 2016;Yamasaki et al 2017).…”

Section: Viscoelastic Relaxationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In one class of viscoelastic models, the magma chamber sits on the boundary between a hot substrate that behaves viscoelastically and a colder upper elastic layer (Nooner and Chadwick 2009;Yamasaki et al 2017). In the instance of an eruption (or other volume change at the source), such a system behaves identically to a model in which the magma chamber is embedded in an elastic half space, i.e.…”

Section: Viscoelastic Relaxationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What causes subsidence following the 2011 eruption at Nabro (Eritrea)?

Hamlyn¹,

Wright

Walters

et al. 2018

Prog Earth Planet Sci

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A major goal in volcanology is to be able to constrain the physical properties of a volcanic system using surface observations. The behaviour of a volcanic system following an eruption can provide powerful constraints on these properties and can provide valuable information for understanding future hazard. We use spatially and temporally dense observations of surface deformation following the 12 June 2011 eruption of Nabro (Eritrea) to place constraints on the mechanics of its subsurface volcanic system. Nabro was imaged 129 times by TerraSAR-X and COSMO-SkyMed satellites during a 15-month period following the eruption. We have produced a detailed time series of the line-of-sight (LOS) displacements at Nabro, finding that the volcano subsides during the entire observation period at a decaying rate. We found significant atmospheric artefacts remained in the data set after a standard spatio-temporal filter was applied. Applying an empirical correction using a linear phase-elevation relationship removed artefacts but also removed real topographically correlated deformation. Instead, we were able to correct each SAR acquisition using independent delay estimates derived from the ECMWF ERA-Interim (ERA-I) global atmospheric model. The corrected time series can be modelled with the deflation of a Mogi source at ∼ 6.4 ± 0.3 km depth. Modelling the time series using viscoelastic relaxation of a shell which surrounds a spherical magma chamber can explain the observed subsidence without a source of further volume loss if the magma is compressible. CO 2 outgassing is also a possible cause of continued subsidence. Contraction due to cooling and crystallisation, however, is probably minor. If any post-eruptive recharge of the magmatic system at Nabro is occurring, the rate of recharge must be slower than the post-eruptive relaxation processes. Combined with the lack of pre-eruptive inflation, we suggest that recharge of the magmatic system at Nabro either occurs at a rate that is slower than our detection limit, or it occurs episodically. This case study demonstrates the power of long, dense geodetic time series at volcanoes.

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“…Newman et al 2001;Del Negro et al 2009;Nooner and Chadwick 2009;Parks et al 2014;Segall 2016;Yamasaki et al 2017).…”

Section: Viscoelastic Relaxationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Viscoelastic Relaxationmentioning

confidence: 99%

What causes subsidence following the 2011 eruption at Nabro (Eritrea)?

Hamlyn¹,

Wright

Walters

et al. 2018

Prog Earth Planet Sci

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show abstract

“…This situation is justified if the fluids intrudes in previously intact rocks without any previous heating. Yamasaki et al () recently demonstrated that postintrusion deflation that has been ubiquitously observed (Aoki et al, ; Bianchi et al, ; Biggs et al, ; Hutchison et al, ) can be explained simply by a relaxation of viscoelastic substrate without further migration of mass after the unrest ceases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Posteruptive subsidence has also been ubiquitously observed. A variety of mechanisms can explain posteruptive subsidence, such as magma withdraw (Lu et al, ), consolidation of caldera deposits (Grapenthin et al, ), viscoelastic relaxation of the host rock (Hamling et al, ; Yamasaki et al, ), pore pressure drops associated with hydrothermal fluid circulations (Todesco et al, ; Wauthier et al, ), and magma cooling and contraction (Furuya, ; Tallarico, ). Especially, the last three mechanisms listed above have been highlighted by recent studies because they can cause continuous posteruptive subsidence for decades (Chaussard, ; Furuya, ; Wittmann et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Long‐lived posteruptive subsidence can be explained by a relaxation of a viscoelastic half‐space underlined by an elastic layer in response to a stress perturbation due to a fluid injection (de Zeeuw‐van Dalfsen et al, ; Hamling et al, ; Yamasaki et al, ). This situation is justified if the fluids intrudes in previously intact rocks without any previous heating.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Posteruptive Thermoelastic Deflation of Intruded Magma in Usu Volcano, Japan, 1992–2017

Wang

Aoki

2019

JGR Solid Earth

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Secular ground subsidence at Usu volcano (Japan) has been reported around the eruption vents following the four eruptions in 1910, 1943, 1977, and 2000. However, the mechanisms accounting for the subsidence have not been well understood. In this study, we systematically investigated the posteruptive deformation at Usu volcano using interferometric synthetic aperture radar based on 111 JERS, ALOS-1, and ALOS-2 images acquired from 1992 to 2017. We also calculated quasi east-west and vertical ground displacements between 2006 and 2017. Our results show three localized deformation regions from west to east of Usu volcano with their locations corresponding to the 2000, 1977, and 1943 eruption vents, respectively. All the deformation sites show patterns of east-west contraction and subsidence. The extent and rate of posteruptive subsidence declined dramatically at the vent of the 2000 eruption site from 2006 to 2017, decreased gradually at the 1977 vent, and show a steady pattern for the 1943 site during 1992-2017. We ascribed the observed posteruptive subsidence to thermoelastic contraction of a sphere intruded at the time of the eruptions to constrain locations, depths, and volumes of heat sources with the assumption of the spherical source shapes. Thermoelastic modeling reveals that the heat sources are embedded at shallow depths not deeper than 400 m below sea level with volumes of about (8.72 ± 0.19) × 10 6 , (132.18 ± 5.21) × 10 6 , and (49.51 ± 2.02) × 10 6 m 3 for the 2000, 1977, and 1943 eruption sites, respectively. The modeling also highlights the importance of underground water in assessing the thermal diffusion process and the associated posteruptive deformation.

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Dyke to sill deflection in the shallow heterogeneous crust during glacier retreat: part I

Drymoni,

Tibaldi,

Bonali

et al. 2023

Bull Volcanol

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Dykes and sills occupy Mode I (extension), Mode II (shear), or hybrid mode fractures and most of the time transport and store magma from deep reservoirs to the surface. Subject to their successful propagation, they feed volcanic eruptions. Yet, dykes and sills can also stall and become arrested as a result of the crust’s heterogeneous and anisotropic characteristics. Dykes can become deflected at mechanical discontinuities to form sills, and vice versa. Although several studies have examined dyke propagation in heterogeneous and anisotropic crustal segments before, the conditions under which dykes propagate in glacial-volcanotectonic regimes remain unclear. Here, we coupled field observations with 2D FEM numerical modelling to explore the mechanical conditions that encourage (or not) dyke-sill transitions in volcanotectonic or glacial settings. We used as a field example the Stardalur cone sheet-laccolith system, which lies on the Esja peninsula, close to the western rift zone, NW of the southern part of the Icelandic rift. The laccolith is composed of several vertical dykes that transition into sills and form a unique stacked sill ‘flower’ structure. Here, we investigate whether the Stardalur laccolith was formed under the influence of stresses caused by glacial retreat due to thickness variations (0–1 km) in addition to regional and local tectonic stresses (1–3 MPa extension or compression) and varied magma overpressure (1–30 MPa), as well as the influence of the mechanical properties of the lava/hyaloclastite contact. Our results show that the observed field structure in non-glacial regimes was formed as a result of either the mechanical (Young’s modulus) contrast of the lava/hyaloclastite contact or a compressional regime due to pre-existing dykes or faulting. In the glacial domain, the extensional stress field below the ice cap encouraged the formation of the laccolith as the glacier became thinner (subject to a lower vertical load). In all cases, the local stress field influenced dyke to sill deflection in both volcanotectonic regimes.

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Viscoelastic crustal deformation by magmatic intrusion: A case study in the Kutcharo caldera, eastern Hokkaido, Japan

Cited by 25 publications

References 113 publications

What causes subsidence following the 2011 eruption at Nabro (Eritrea)?

What causes subsidence following the 2011 eruption at Nabro (Eritrea)?

Posteruptive Thermoelastic Deflation of Intruded Magma in Usu Volcano, Japan, 1992–2017

Dyke to sill deflection in the shallow heterogeneous crust during glacier retreat: part I

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