Viscerosomatic convergence onto T2–T4 spinoreticular, spinoreticular-spinothalamic, and spinothalamic tract neurons in the cat

Foreman, Robert D.; Blair, Robert W.; Weber, R. Neal

doi:10.1016/0014-4886(84)90034-7

Cited by 80 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Visceral nociceptive signals enter the forebrain via the dorsal column to the ventral posterolateral nucleus (Foreman et al, 1984;Hobbs et al, 1992;Houghton et al, 2001) and spinal and brainstem afferents to the midline and intralaminar thalamic nuclei (MITN;Ammons et al, 1985;Vogt, 2005). Nociceptive afferents to ACC do not appear to arise from the anterior insula because there are no such projections in rabbit (Vogt et al, 1986), they are weak in monkey (Mesulam and Mufson, 1982;Vogt and Pandya, 1987), and undercut lesions that remove cortical inputs to ACC do not block nociception , while thalamic lidocaine does.…”

Section: Source and Latency Of Visceral Nociceptive Signalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and properties of visceral nociceptive neurons in rabbit cingulate cortex

Sikes

Vogt

2008

Pain

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Human imaging localizes most visceral nociceptive responses to anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), however, imaging in conscious subjects cannot completely control anticipatory and reflexive activity or resolve neuron activity. This study overcame these shortcomings by recording individual neuron responses in 12 anesthetized and paralyzed rabbits to define the visceronociceptive response pattern by region and layer. Balloon distension was applied to the colon at innocuous (15 mmHg) or noxious (60 mmHg) intensities, and innocuous and noxious mechanical, thermal and electrical stimuli were applied to the skin. Simultaneous recording from multiple regions assured differences were not due to anesthesia and neuron responses were resolved by spike sorting using principal components analysis. Of the total 346 neurons, 48% were nociceptive; responding to noxious levels of visceral or cutaneous stimulation, or both. Visceronociceptive neurons were most frequent in ACC (39%) and midcingulate cortex (MCC, 36%) and infrequent in retrosplenial cortex (RSC, 12%). In contrast, cutaneous nociceptive units were higher in MCC (MCC, 43%; ACC, 32%; RSC, 23%). Visceralspecific neurons were proportionately more frequent in ACC (37%), while cutaneous-specific units predominated in RSC (62.5%). Visceral nociceptive response durations were longer than those for cutaneous responses. Postmortem analysis of electrode tracks confirmed regional designations, and laminar analysis found inhibitory responses mainly in superficial layers and excitatory in deep layers. Thus, cingulate visceral nociception extends beyond ACC, this is the first report of nociceptive activity in RSC including nociceptive cutaneous responses, and these regional differences require a new model of cingulate nociceptive processing.

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Section: Source and Latency Of Visceral Nociceptive Signalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and properties of visceral nociceptive neurons in rabbit cingulate cortex

Sikes

Vogt

2008

Pain

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“…It has been known for some time that limited information about visceral pain is transmitted to higher brain centers by the spinothalamic tract [19][20][21][22][23][24][25] , the spinoreticular tract [26] , the spinoparabrachial tract [27,28] and pathways that project directly from the spinal cord to forebrain structures which include the amygdala and the septal nuclei [29,30] . Recently, it has been demonstrated that a portion of the postsynaptic dorsal column pathway (PSDC), which primarily transmits discriminative tactile, vibratory and proprioceptive sensation [31][32][33] can transmit nociceptive signals from visceral structures, including the pancreas.…”

Section: Pancreatic Painmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Neurogenic Inflammation in Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Pain

Vera–Portocarrero¹,

Westlund²

2005

Neurosignals

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Pain arising from pancreatic diseases can become chronic and difficult to treat. There is a paucity of knowledge regarding the mechanisms that sensitize neural pathways that transmit noxious information from visceral organs. In this review, neurogenic inflammation is presented as a possible amplifier of the noxious signal from peripheral organs including the pancreas. The nerve pathways that transmit pancreatic pain are also reviewed as a conduit of the amplified signals. It is likely that components of these visceral pain pathways can also be sensitized after neurogenic inflammation.

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“…These results may indicate a role of MRF neurons in visceral nociception as well. It has been shown that the MRF can modulate nociceptive processing by its descending (excitatory and inhibitory) inputs (McCreery et al 1979;Haber et al 1980;Gebhart et al 1983;Zhuo & Gebhart, 1990, 2002a, and work as relay nuclei to higher centres for nociceptive processing and ultimately pain perception (Foreman et al 1984).…”

Section: Convergence Of Ub and Colon Inputs In The Mrfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the spinal cord, various neuroanatomical studies have shown innervation of different visceral organs by the same set of neurons (Russo & Conte, 1996;Nadelhaft & Vera, 2001). Also, various electrophysiological studies have shown that individual neurons in the spinal cord of rats (Berkley et al 1993;Qin & Foreman, 2004), cats (Foreman et al 1984) and primates (Milne et al 1981) respond to different pelvic/visceral and somatic stimuli. At the brainstem level, numerous regions, including Barrington's nucleus, the solitary nucleus and the nucleus gracilis, have been shown to receive viscero-visceral convergent inputs (Hubscher & Berkley, 1994;Rouzade-Dominguez et al 2003b).…”

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confidence: 99%

Convergence of multiple pelvic organ inputs in the rat rostral medulla

Kaddumi

Hubscher

2006

The Journal of Physiology

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Electrophysiological recordings were used to investigate the degree of pelvic/visceral convergent inputs onto single medullary reticular formation (MRF) neurons. A total of 94 MRF neurons responsive to bilateral electrical stimulation of the pelvic nerve (PN) in 12 urethane-anaesthetized male rats were tested for responses to mechanical stimulation of the urinary bladder, urethra, colon and penis, and electrical stimulation of the dorsal nerve of the penis (DNP) and abdominal branches of the vagus. Responses to distension of the bladder were found for 51% (n = 48) of the MRF neurons tested. Of these 48, 71% responded to urethral infusion, 81% responded to colon distension, 100% responded to penile stimulation (and DNP), and 85% responded to vagal stimulation, with 62% responding to stimulation of all four of these territories. This high degree of visceral convergence (i.e. 62%) in a subset of PN-responsive MRF neurons is significantly greater than for the subset of PN-responsive MRF neurons that did not respond to urinary bladder distension (i.e. out of the 46 remaining neurons, none responded to all four of the other pelvic/visceral stimuli combined). These results suggest that the neurons processing information from the urinary bladder at this level of the neural axis are likely to be important for mediating interactions between different visceral organs for the coordination of multiple pelvic/visceral functions. Normal functions related to the male pelvic/visceral organs, such as urination, defaecation, and ejaculation, involve coordination between the different organ systems. One example of a process in which coordination is important is ejaculation, which consists of emission of the seminal fluid from the ejaculatory ducts to the proximal urethra, bladder neck closure and anterograde ejaculation out of the proximal urethra (Seftel et al. 1991;Truitt & Coolen, 2002). Disruption of this coordination, such as following spinal cord injury, results in the failure of bladder neck closure and thus a subsequent retrograde ejaculation leading to infertility (Heruti et al. 2001).Another example in which coordination between the pelvic organs is important is during voiding of the urinary bladder, which requires contraction of the external anal sphincter, thereby preventing defaecation. In humans, distension of the urinary bladder produces contractions of the anal sphincter (Basinski et al. 2003). Experimental studies using cats have shown that distension of the urinary bladder both inhibits colonic contractions (Bouvier et al. 1990) and produces simultaneous contraction of the anal sphincter (Bouvier & Grimaud, 1984). The reverse also occurs, i.e. the urinary system is inhibited during defaecation. In humans, functional stimulation of the anal sphincter inhibits detrusor muscle contraction (Cheng et al. 2002). In animal studies, distension of the rectum has been shown to inhibit urinary bladder activity in female rats (Sugaya et al. 1998), and stimulation of colonic branches of the pelvic nerve in cats has been shown ...

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Viscerosomatic convergence onto T2–T4 spinoreticular, spinoreticular-spinothalamic, and spinothalamic tract neurons in the cat

Cited by 80 publications

References 57 publications

Distribution and properties of visceral nociceptive neurons in rabbit cingulate cortex

Distribution and properties of visceral nociceptive neurons in rabbit cingulate cortex

Role of Neurogenic Inflammation in Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Pain

Convergence of multiple pelvic organ inputs in the rat rostral medulla

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