Visceral responses to opposite types of autogenic-training imagery

Blizard, David A.; Cowings, Patricia S.; Miller, Neal E.

doi:10.1016/0301-0511(75)90005-8

Cited by 26 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…According to Schultz [52], the subjective experience of heaviness and warmth is linked to the change from a normal mental state to an ASC [54]. Heaviness is associated with muscular relaxation [55], whereas warmth corresponds to the relaxation of blood vessels [56], and a decreased heart rate is linked with relaxation and a reduction in anxiety [57]. The fourth item asks for any other body sensations, and the fifth for dreamlike experiences.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Shamanic Journeying: Repetitive Drumming with Shamanic Instructions Induces Specific Subjective Experiences but No Larger Cortisol Decrease than Instrumental Meditation Music

2014

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Exposure to repetitive drumming combined with instructions for shamanic journeying has been associated with physiological and therapeutic effects, such as an increase in salivary immunoglobulin A. In order to assess whether the combination of repetitive drumming and shamanic instructions is specifically associated with these effects, we compared the effect of listening to either repetitive drumming or instrumental meditation music for 15 minutes on salivary cortisol concentration and on self-reported physiological and psychological states. For each musical style, two groups of participants were exposed to two conditions: instructions for shamanic journeying or relaxation instructions. A total of 39 participants (24 females) inexperienced in shamanic journeying completed the experiment. Salivary cortisol concentrations were measured before and after exposure to music. In addition, participants filled out a mood questionnaire before and after the experiment and completed a post experiment questionnaire on their experiences. A significant decrease in the concentration in salivary cortisol was observed across all musical styles and instructions, indicating that exposure to 15 minutes of either repetitive drumming or instrumental meditation music, while lying down, was sufficient to induce a decrease in cortisol levels. However, no differences were observed across conditions. Significant differences in reported emotional states and subjective experiences were observed between the groups. Notably, participants exposed to repetitive drumming combined with shamanic instructions reported experiencing heaviness, decreased heart rate, and dreamlike experiences significantly more often than participants exposed to repetitive drumming combined with relaxation instructions. Our findings suggest that the subjective effects specifically attributed to repetitive drumming and shamanic journeying may not be reflected in differential endocrine responses.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Shamanic Journeying: Repetitive Drumming with Shamanic Instructions Induces Specific Subjective Experiences but No Larger Cortisol Decrease than Instrumental Meditation Music

2014

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“…Autogenic relaxation is a cognitively oriented (top-down) relaxation method, whereas MM and FR belong to autonomically oriented (bottom-up) relaxation techniques, in the framework for relaxation interventions laid down by Lehrer [ 66 ]. During this relaxation condition, participants pay specific attention to body sensations and breathing movements [ 67 , 68 ]. The autogenic training routine further involves various forms of motor imagery, i.e., the voluntary build-up of motor representations from proprioceptive and/or visual information stored within procedural memory [ 69 , 70 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foam Rolling Elicits Neuronal Relaxation Patterns Distinct from Manual Massage: A Randomized Controlled Trial

et al. 2021

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The present double-blinded, randomized controlled study sought to compare the effects of a full-body manual massage (MM) and a foam rolling (FR) intervention on subjective and objective indexes of performance and well-being. A total of 65 healthy individuals were randomly allocated to an FR, MM, or a control group who received a cognitively oriented relaxation routine. Self-report ratings of perceived anxiety, muscle relaxation, and muscle pain were used to index changes in affect and physical sensations. The sit-and-reach and toe-touch tests, as well as a mental calculation task, were used to index motor and cognitive performances, respectively. We also conducted resting-state electroencephalography and continuous skin conductance recordings before and after the experimental intervention. Both FR and MM groups exhibited neural synchronization of alpha and beta oscillations during the posttest. Skin conductance increased from the pretest to the posttest in the relaxation group, but decreased in the FR group. All interventions improved range of motion, although only the MM group outperformed the relaxation group for the toe-touch performance. MM was associated with reduced muscle pain and increased muscle relaxation. Reduced perceived anxiety after the intervention was observed in the FR group only. Overall, MM and FR both improved objective and subjective indexes of performance and well-being. Differences between the two massage interventions are discussed in relation to the effects of pressure stimulation on autonomic regulations and the proactive vs. retroactive nature of FR, compared to MM.

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“…AFTE, a combination of biofeedback and autogenic therapy (Schultz & Luthe, 1969), is significantly more effective than either of these two techniques used alone (Blizzard et al, 1975;Cowings, 1990). Autogenic therapy provides the participant with a specific set of self-suggestion exercises that are likely to produce the desired response.…”

Section: Procedures Aftementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, the primary objective of this research group has been to develop an effective countermeasure by training people to recognize and control those physiological responses associated with the onset of motion sickness (Blizzard, Cowings, & Miller, 1975;Cowings, 1990;Cowings, Billingham, & Toscano, 1977;Cowings, Naifeh, & Toscano, 1990;Cowings, Suter, Toscano, Kamiya, & Naifeh, 1986;, 1993Cowings, Toscano, Kamiya, Miller, & Sharp, 1988;Cowings et al, 1994;. The methodology is referred to as Autogenic Feedback Training Exercise (AFTE), 1 which is a combination of biofeedback and autogenic therapy (Schultz & Luthe, 1969).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Autogenic Feedback Training Exercise: A Treatment for Airsickness in Military Pilots

Cowings¹,

Toscano²,

Timbers³

et al. 2005

The International Journal of Aviation Psychology

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In this article, we present physiological data from 2 male pilots who completed a 6-hr training program for control of motion sickness at National Aeronautic and Space Administration Ames Research Center. The program consisted of an Autogenic Feedback Training Exercise in which research participants learn through operant conditioning techniques to regulate several physiological responses to suppress their symptoms. We evaluated training progress during rotating-chair motion sickness tests. We assessed motion sickness tolerance by calculating the number of cumulative rotations that research participants were able to achieve in the rotating chair prior to reaching their major malaise endpoint. We rated motion sickness symptoms using a standard diagnostic scale. We obtained physiological data from one pilot during a training flight in an F-18 aircraft after completion of his training. Results demonstrate a significant increase in tolerance to laboratory-induced motion sickness tests and a reduction in autonomic nervous system response levels following training. During subsequent flight qualification tests on F-18 and T-38 aircraft, both pilots were successful at controlling their airsickness and were returned to active flight status.

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Visceral responses to opposite types of autogenic-training imagery

Cited by 26 publications

References 11 publications

Exploring Shamanic Journeying: Repetitive Drumming with Shamanic Instructions Induces Specific Subjective Experiences but No Larger Cortisol Decrease than Instrumental Meditation Music

Exploring Shamanic Journeying: Repetitive Drumming with Shamanic Instructions Induces Specific Subjective Experiences but No Larger Cortisol Decrease than Instrumental Meditation Music

Foam Rolling Elicits Neuronal Relaxation Patterns Distinct from Manual Massage: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Autogenic Feedback Training Exercise: A Treatment for Airsickness in Military Pilots

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