Visceral organ weights, digestion and carcass characteristics of beef bulls differing in residual feed intake offered a high concentrate diet

Fitzsimons, Claire; Kenny, David A.; McGee, M.

doi:10.1017/s1751731114000652

Cited by 61 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In the current study, low-RFI lambs had lower DMI, while they had similar BW and ADG compared with their high-RFI contemporaries, which indicates that RFI is independent of level of production and weight. This result coincides with the previous findings reported in feedlot beef cattle (Nkrumah et al,2006;Fitzsimons et al,2014c) and growing wethers (Meyer et al, 2015). In this study, RFI was negatively correlated with G:F, which is line with the results of Kelly et al (2010) and Cruz et al (2010), when the beef cattle were offered a high-concentrate diet.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…A number of studies showed that RFI phenotype had no effect on rumen pH or the concentration of total VFA, which is in agreement with our results (Lawrence et al, 2011;Fitzsimons et al, 2013;Lawrence et al, 2013;Fitzsimons et al, 2014c;McDonnell et al, 2016). Whereas Guan et al (2008) reported that there was a tendency (P = 0.059) for low-RFI steers to have a greater concentration of total VFA.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Growth performance, rumen fermentation, bacteria composition, and gene expressions involved in intracellular pH regulation of rumen epithelium in finishing Hu lambs differing in residual feed intake phenotype1

Liang

et al. 2017

Journal of Animal Science

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of residual feed intake (RFI) on rumen function in finishing lambs. A total of 60 male Hu lambs (average initial BW = 25.2 ± 2.5kg) were used and were offered a pelleted high-concentrate diet, of which the forage to concentrate ratio was 25:75. Individual feed intake was recorded over a period of 42 d, then 10 lambs with the lowest RFI and the highest RFI were selected, respectively. The rumen fluid used for fermentation variables and relative abundance of bacteria measurement was obtained on d 10 and 20 after RFI measurement. At the end of this experiment, the selected lambs were slaughtered and rumen epithelium and liver tissues were collected for RNA extraction. Low-RFI lambs had lower ( < 0.01) DMI and greater ( < 0.05) G:F than the high-RFI ones, while the RFI groups did not differ in ADG and BW ( > 0.05). Additionally, RFI was positively ( = 0.57; < 0.01) correlated with DMI and negatively ( = -0.53; < 0.05) correlated with G:F. Total VFA and individual VFA decreased ( < 0.05) over time. The concentrations of total VFA, acetate, valerate, isobutyrate, isovalerate, and rumen pH ( > 0.05) were not affected by RFI classification. Nonetheless, low-RFI group lambs had a greater ( < 0.05) concentration of propionate, a lower ( < 0.05) concentration of butyrate, and a lower ( < 0.05) acetate to propionate ratio compared with the high-RFI group. There was a significant ( < 0.05) effect of RFI on the relative abundance of and . The relative abundance of , , and decreased ( < 0.05) over time in high-RFI group. And the relative abundance of in high-RFI group was greater ( < 0.05) than its low-RFI counterpart. Furthermore, RFI had no effect ( > 0.05) on gene expression associated with intracellular pH regulation (, , , , , , , and ) in rumen epithelium and β-hydroxybutyrate metabolism () in both rumen epithelium and liver tissues. In conclusion, even though low-RFI lambs had lower DMI, however, the number of was lower. Additionally, there was no difference in gene expressions level associated with intracellular pH regulation in rumen epithelium between RFI groups.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Growth performance, rumen fermentation, bacteria composition, and gene expressions involved in intracellular pH regulation of rumen epithelium in finishing Hu lambs differing in residual feed intake phenotype1

Liang

et al. 2017

Journal of Animal Science

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“…Nonetheless, higher digestibility of DM or NDF was found in low-RFI as compared to high-RFI cattle in the studies of McDonnell et al [15] and Oliveira et al [17] with beef cattle and Olijhoek et al [43] with dairy Holstein cows. On the other hand, no significant difference was observed in the studies of Nkrumah et al [7], Fitzsimons et al [12] and Fitzsimons et al [44] with beef cattle and Olijhoek et al [43] with dairy Jersey cows and Fischer et al [45] with dairy Holstein cows. Interestingly, a higher digestibility and a higher methane yield were observed in low-RFI beef heifers tested with three different diets by McDonnell et al [15] and in low-RFI beef Nellore tested in feedlot by Oliveira et al [17].…”

Section: Calculated Growth and Methane Efficiency Traitsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Methane and Carbon Dioxide Emission of Beef Heifers in Relation with Growth and Feed Efficiency

Renand

Vinet

Decruyenaere

et al. 2019

Animals

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Simple Summary: For sustainable meat production, beef farmers must make the best use of grass and roughage while limiting the carbon footprint of their herds. The genetic improvement in feed efficiency and enteric methane production of replacement heifers is possible if the recorded phenotypes are available. Intuitively, the relationship between the two traits should be negative, i.e., favorable, since the energy lost with the methane is not available for heifer metabolism. The measurement of feed efficiency requires several weeks of feed intake recording. The enteric methane emission rate can also be recorded over several weeks. The two traits of 326 beef heifers from two experimental farms were measured simultaneously for 8 to 12 weeks. The correlations between roughage intake, daily gain, and methane were all positive. The enteric methane emission rate was positively related to body weight, daily gain, and dry matter intake. The relationship with feed efficiency was slightly positive, i.e., unfavorable. Therefore, the two traits should be recorded simultaneously to evidence low-emitting and efficient heifers. This study also showed that replacing the feed intake recording with the carbon dioxide emission rate appeared potentially beneficial for selecting these low-emitting and efficient heifers.Abstract: Reducing enteric methane production and improving the feed efficiency of heifers on roughage diets are important selection objectives for sustainable beef production. The objective of the current study was to assess the relationship between different methane production and feed efficiency criteria of beef heifers fed ad libitum roughage diets. A total of 326 Charolais heifers aged 22 months were controlled in two farms and fed either a grass silage (n = 252) or a natural meadow hay (n = 74) diet. Methane (CH 4 ) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emission rates (g/day) were measured with GreenFeed systems. The dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), CH 4 and CO 2 were measured over 8 to 12 weeks. Positive correlations were observed among body weight, DMI, ADG, CH 4 and CO 2 . The residual feed intake (r wg DMI) was not related to CH 4 or residual methane (r wi CH 4 ). It was negatively correlated with methane yield (CH 4 /DMI): R p = −0.87 and −0.83. Residual gain (r w iADG) and ADG/DMI were weakly and positively related to residual methane (r wi CH 4 ): R p = 0.21 on average. The ratio ADG/CO 2 appeared to be a useful proxy of ADG/DMI (R p = 0.64 and 0.97) and CH 4 /CO 2 a proxy of methane yield (R p = 0.24 and 0.33) for selecting low-emitting and efficient heifers.

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“…Different sizes of visceral organs, such as the highly metabolically active GIT and liver, may have a large influence on total oxygen consumption and thus on efficiency of energy utilization [11]. Accordingly, previous results for pigs from low and high RFI lines showed an energy saving mechanism with respect to the size of the liver and empty GIT and colon weight for low RFI pigs compared to high RFI pigs [2,25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More feed efficient animals consume less feed based on their growth and maintenance requirements [8]. Since the FI substantially influences the size and energy requirement of the intestine to degrade the ingested feed [9–11], more feed efficient animals should have a smaller GIT and hence lower energy demands for basal maintenance of the GIT [2]. Moreover, the mucosal integrity is important to consider with respect to translocation of intestinal antigens, thereby triggering energetically costly immune responses and affecting growth efficiency [5,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finishing pigs that are divergent in feed efficiency show small differences in intestinal functionality and structure

et al. 2017

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Controversial information is available regarding the feed efficiency-related variation in intestinal size, structure and functionality in pigs. The present objective was therefore to investigate the differences in visceral organ size, intestinal morphology, mucosal enzyme activity, intestinal integrity and related gene expression in low and high RFI pigs which were reared at three different geographical locations (Austria, AT; Northern Ireland, NI; Republic of Ireland, ROI) using similar protocols. Pigs (n = 369) were ranked for their RFI between days 42 and 91 postweaning and low and high RFI pigs (n = 16 from AT, n = 24 from NI, and n = 60 from ROI) were selected. Pigs were sacrificed and sampled on ~day 110 of life. In general, RFI-related variation in intestinal size, structure and function was small. Some energy saving mechanisms and enhanced digestive and absorptive capacity were indicated in low versus high RFI pigs by shorter crypts, higher duodenal lactase and maltase activity and greater mucosal permeability (P < 0.05), but differences were mainly seen in pigs from AT and to a lesser degree in pigs from ROI. Additionally, low RFI pigs from AT had more goblet cells in duodenum but fewer in jejunum compared to high RFI pigs (P < 0.05). Together with the lower expression of TLR4 and TNFA in low versus high RFI pigs from AT and ROI (P < 0.05), these results might indicate differences in the innate immune response between low and high RFI pigs. Results demonstrated that the variation in the size of visceral organs and intestinal structure and functionality was greater between geographic location (local environmental factors) than between RFI ranks of pigs. In conclusion, present results support previous findings that the intestinal size, structure and functionality do not significantly contribute to variation in RFI of pigs.

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Visceral organ weights, digestion and carcass characteristics of beef bulls differing in residual feed intake offered a high concentrate diet

Cited by 61 publications

References 43 publications

Growth performance, rumen fermentation, bacteria composition, and gene expressions involved in intracellular pH regulation of rumen epithelium in finishing Hu lambs differing in residual feed intake phenotype1

Growth performance, rumen fermentation, bacteria composition, and gene expressions involved in intracellular pH regulation of rumen epithelium in finishing Hu lambs differing in residual feed intake phenotype1

Methane and Carbon Dioxide Emission of Beef Heifers in Relation with Growth and Feed Efficiency

Finishing pigs that are divergent in feed efficiency show small differences in intestinal functionality and structure

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