Visceral Motoneurons

Jobling, Phillip

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-369497-3.10017-2

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) supplies much of the extrinsic innervation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and profoundly influences motility and other GI functions (Furness and Costa, ; Furness, ; Jobling, ). In spite of the key roles the SNS plays in gut physiology, much about the organization of the sympathetic postganglionic neurons innervating the smooth muscle wall of the GI tract remains unknown.…”

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confidence: 99%

Individual sympathetic postganglionic neurons coinnervate myenteric ganglia and smooth muscle layers in the gastrointestinal tract of the rat

Walter

Phillips

McAdams

et al. 2016

J of Comparative Neurology

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A full description of the terminal architecture of sympathetic axons innervating the gastrointestinal (GI) tract has not been available. To label sympathetic fibers projecting to the gut muscle wall, dextran biotin was injected into the celiac and superior mesenteric ganglia (CSMG) of rats. Nine days post-injection, animals were euthanized, and stomachs and small intestines were processed as whole mounts (submucosa and mucosa removed) to examine CSMG efferent terminals. Myenteric neurons were counterstained with Cuprolinic Blue; catecholaminergic axons were stained immunohistochemically for tyrosine hydroxylase. Essentially all dextran-labeled axons (135 of 136 sampled) were tyrosine hydroxylase-positive. Complete postganglionic arbors (n=154) in the muscle wall were digitized and analyzed morphometrically. Individual sympathetic axons formed complex arbors of varicose neurites within myenteric ganglia/primary plexus and, concomitantly, long rectilinear arrays of neurites within circular muscle/secondary plexus or longitudinal muscle/tertiary plexus. Very few CSMG neurons projected exclusively (i.e. ~100% of an arbor’s varicose branches) to myenteric plexus (~2%) or smooth muscle (~14%). With less stringent inclusion criteria (i.e. ≥ 85% of an axon’s varicose branches), larger minorities of neurons projected predominantly to either myenteric plexus (~13%) or smooth muscle (~27%). The majority (i.e., ~60%) of all individual CSMG postganglionics formed mixed, heterotypic arbors that co-innervated extensively (> 15% of their varicose branches per target) both myenteric ganglia and smooth muscle. The fact that ~87% of all sympathetics projected either extensively or even predominantly to smooth muscle, while simultaneously contacting myenteric plexus, is consistent with the view that these neurons control GI muscle directly, if not exclusively.

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confidence: 99%

Individual sympathetic postganglionic neurons coinnervate myenteric ganglia and smooth muscle layers in the gastrointestinal tract of the rat

Walter

Phillips

McAdams

et al. 2016

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…Up to ≥2 pelvic ganglia may be identified. the spinal cord via the ventral roots (Jobling, 2012). Satellite glial cells (Fig.…”

Section: Pelvic Gangliamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sympathetic ganglia neurons, termed post‐ganglionic neurons, synapse with axons from pre‐ganglionic neurons in the central nervous system. These pre‐ganglionic neurons are located in the intermediolateral columns or central autonomic area of the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord and exit the spinal cord via the ventral roots (Jobling, 2012).…”

Section: Pathology Of Neuroblastoma In Th‐mycn Transgenic Micementioning

confidence: 99%

A Primer for Assessing the Pathology in Mouse Models of Neuroblastoma

et al. 2021

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Neuroblastoma, the most common extracranial solid tumor in young children, arises from the sympathetic nervous system. Our understanding of neuroblastoma has been improved by the development of both genetically engineered and xenograft mouse models of the disease. Anatomical pathology is an essential component of the phenotyping of mouse models of cancer, characterizing the morphologic effects of genetic manipulation and drug treatment. The Th‐MYCN model, the most widely used of several genetically engineered mouse models of neuroblastoma, was established by targeted expression of the human MYCN gene to murine neural crest cells under the control of the rat tyrosine hydroxylase promoter. Neuroblastoma development in Th‐MYCN mice is preceded by neuroblast hyperplasia—the persistence and proliferation of neural crest–derived neuroblasts within the sympathetic autonomic ganglia. The neuroblastomas that subsequently develop morphologically resemble human neuroblastoma and carry chromosomal gains and losses in regions syntenic with those observed in human tumors. In this overview, we describe the essential pathologic features for investigators when assessing mouse models of neuroblastoma. We outline human neuroblastoma as the foundation for understanding the murine disease, followed by details of the murine sympathetic ganglia from which neuroblastoma arises. Sympathetic ganglia, both with and without neuroblast hyperplasia, are described. The macroscopic and microscopic features of murine neuroblastoma are explained, including assessment of xenografts and tumors following drug treatment. An approach to experimental design is also detailed. Increased understanding of the pathology of murine neuroblastoma should improve reproducibility and comparability of research findings and assist investigators working with mouse models of neuroblastoma. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

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Visceral Motoneurons

Cited by 2 publications

References 187 publications

Individual sympathetic postganglionic neurons coinnervate myenteric ganglia and smooth muscle layers in the gastrointestinal tract of the rat

Individual sympathetic postganglionic neurons coinnervate myenteric ganglia and smooth muscle layers in the gastrointestinal tract of the rat

A Primer for Assessing the Pathology in Mouse Models of Neuroblastoma

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