Visceral Leishmaniasis Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors in the Saran District of Bihar, India, from 2009 to July of 2011

Perry, Diana; Dixon, Kandice; Garlapati, Rajesh; Gendernalik, Alex; Poché, David M.; Poché, Richard M.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.12-0442

Cited by 44 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…33,35,36 Spatiotemporal and genetic analyses showed clustering of cases in "hot spots" and increased risk of infection and disease in household members of VL cases, underscoring the need for active search of subclinical infections in areas highly endemic for VL. [37][38][39] In a VL endemic focus of Brazil, > 70% of persons were considered to have asymptomatic infections, and around 12% either showed some symptoms of VL or progressed toward overt disease. 35 Asymptomatic infections also could be an important risk factor for recipients of blood and organs from donors inhabiting endemic areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Molecular Test to Diagnose Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis at the Point of Care

Castellanos-González¹,

Saldarriaga²,

Tartaglino³

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Dogs are the principal reservoir hosts of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (VL) but current serological methods are not sensitive enough to detect all subclinically infected animals, which is crucial to VL control programs. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods have greater sensitivity but require expensive equipment and trained personnel, impairing its implementation in endemic areas. We developed a diagnostic test that uses isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) to detect Leishmania infantum. This method was coupled with lateral flow (LF) reading with the naked eye to be adapted as a point-of-care test. The L. infantum RPA-LF had an analytical sensitivity similar to real time-PCR, detecting DNA of 0.1 parasites spiked in dog blood, which was equivalent to 40 parasites/mL. There was no cross amplification with dog or human DNA or with Leishmania braziliensis, Leishmania amazonensis, or Trypanosoma cruzi. The test also amplified Leishmania donovani strains (N = 7). In a group of clinically normal dogs (N = 30), RPA-LF detected more subclinical infections than rK39 strip test, a standard serological method (50% versus 13.3% positivity, respectively; P = 0.005). Also, RPA-LF detected L. infantum in noninvasive mucosal samples of dogs with a sensitivity comparable to blood samples. This novel molecular test may have a positive impact in leishmaniasis control programs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Molecular Test to Diagnose Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis at the Point of Care

Castellanos-González¹,

Saldarriaga²,

Tartaglino³

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…No hay una razón clara que justifique una mayor prevalencia del sexo masculino entre los afectados, y probablemente se relaciona más con la alta representatividad de estos en el colectivo de sujetos con adicciones parenterales, aunque en algunas zonas de alta endemicidad en el cuerno de África y la India, en las que no existe asociación con el consumo de drogas inyectadas, también se ha documentado una mayor prevalencia en hombres. Estos hallazgos se han relacionado con una mayor probabilidad de exposición en relación con la vestimenta (en los hombres es más frecuente que la parte superior del torso y los brazos estén expuestos) o con factores ocupacionales (mayor riesgo en pastores, agricultores o en gente que duerme al aire libre, sobre todo en determinadas épocas del año) 4,5 . También en nuestro caso hay un porcentaje considerable, sobre todo en el segundo periodo, de pacientes procedentes de África subsahariana, y tal y como se documenta en distintas estadísticas 6 , la población inmigrante de esta procedencia es fundamentalmente masculina.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

La leishmaniasis visceral en la región de Murcia: estudio multicéntrico 1997-2013

et al. 2015

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Recibido el 27 de agosto de 2014; aceptado el 25 de noviembre de 2014 Disponible en Internet el 29 de enero de 2015 PALABRAS CLAVE Leishmaniasis visceral; Leishmania infantum; Enfermedades infecciosas emergentes; Enfermedades transmitidas por vectores ResumenIntroducción: La prevalencia de la leishmaniasis visceral (LV), una parasitosis endémica en la cuenca mediterránea, puede verse afectada por movimientos migratorios. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los casos de LV valorados en hospitales de la región de Murcia. Material y métodos: Se trata de un estudio retrospectivo multicéntrico de los casos de LV diagnosticados y tratados en los diferentes hospitales de nuestra región, que se agruparon en 2 cohortes: período A (pA), el comprendido entre los años 1997 y 2005, y período B (pB), el transcurrido entre 2006 y 2013. Resultados: Se analizaron 97 casos de LV (75% fueron hombres y la edad media fue de 35 años), 36 en pA y 61 en pB; el 11% de los pacientes procedían de otros países en pA y el 22% en pB (subsaharianos en 10 casos); el 55% tenían algún tipo de inmunosupresión (80% de ellos estaban diagnosticados de infección por VIH). Las manifestaciones más frecuentes fueron: fiebre (85%) y astenia (66%). La duración media de los síntomas antes de la primera consulta fue de 47 días, y el tiempo medio transcurrido entre esta primera consulta y la realización de la prueba diagnóstica, de 13 días. El hallazgo más común en la exploración física fue la esplenomegalia (89%), mientras que la trombocitopenia fue el hallazgo de laboratorio más constante (78%). El diagnóstico se confirmó con la detección de amastigotes y/o PCR del aspirado medular en el 61% de los casos; * Autor para correspondencia. Correo electrónico: aliciahernandeztorres@gmail.com (A. Hernández-Torres).http://dx.

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“…This is conductive to the breeding of sand fly as has been shown previously. 11 Animal reservoirs have been postulated to be an important factor in the epidemiological triad associated with leishmaniasis. This has been proven in similar setting in Kerala in the recent past with respect to dogs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visceral Leishmaniasis in a Non-Endemic Region of India- Investigation of an Outbreak

Ravi¹,

J²,

N³

et al. 2018

jemds

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BACKGROUND Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is seen commonly in eastern parts of India, while occurrences of cutaneous forms of the disease have been reported recently from Western Ghats of southern India. The clinical manifestations of VL resembles many other chronic illnesses and its diagnosis and management requires added attention in southern parts of the country. The clinical, epidemiological and entomological investigations related to the occurrence of a case of VL in Kerala, south India are described in detail. MATERIALS AND METHODSThis study is a descriptive study. The patient suffered from various clinical manifestations which were investigated repeatedly at various primary, secondary and tertiary care institutions. Several laboratory tests for multiple diseases turned out to be negative, even though the symptoms were persisting. Accurate diagnosis was made from the bone marrow cytological examination, which indicated the presence of Leishman-Donovan bodies. Further epidemiological and entomological investigations confirmed the presence of vector (Phlebotomus argentipes) from multiple locations around the residence of the patient. Evidence of Leishmaniasis or its source could not be diagnosed in contacts, vectors or suspected animal reservoirs in the area. RESULTSAccurate diagnosis was made from the bone marrow cytological examination, which indicated the presence of Leishman-Donovan bodies. Epidemiological and entomological investigations confirmed the presence of vector (Phlebotomus argentipes) from multiple locations around the residence of the patient. Evidence of Leishmaniasis or its source could not be diagnosed in contacts, vectors or suspected animal reservoirs in the area. CONCLUSIONEarly and accurate diagnosis of VL is difficult in south India due to unawareness about the manifestations of disease and also due to unavailability of reliable laboratory kits. The management of such cases is even more challenging due to the lack of availabi lity of proper drugs. The recent reports of emergence of resistant cases should be a pointer in creating improved awareness and facilities for the rapid identification and management of cases of visceral leishmaniasis. KEYWORDS

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Visceral Leishmaniasis Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors in the Saran District of Bihar, India, from 2009 to July of 2011

Cited by 44 publications

References 24 publications

A Novel Molecular Test to Diagnose Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis at the Point of Care

A Novel Molecular Test to Diagnose Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis at the Point of Care

La leishmaniasis visceral en la región de Murcia: estudio multicéntrico 1997-2013

Visceral Leishmaniasis in a Non-Endemic Region of India- Investigation of an Outbreak

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