Visceral leishmaniasis in hematopoietic cell transplantation: Case report and review of the literature

Tatarelli, Paola; Fornaro, Giulia Alice; Bono, Valerio Del; Nicolini, Laura Ambra; Raiola, Anna Maria; Gualandi, Francesca; Varaldo, Riccardo; Muccio, Trentina Di; Gramiccia, Marina; Gradoni, Luigi; Angelucci, Emanuele; Viscoli, Claudio; Mikulska, Małgorzata

doi:10.1016/j.jiac.2018.05.008

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Data in the setting of hematopoietic transplantation is scarce. A case series reviewed 11 reported cases of VL, with a predominance of allogeneic over autologous transplant recipients (9 versus 2, respectively) [120]. VL was diagnosed by standard methods, and good treatment responses were achieved with liposomal amphotericin, although half of the patients with follow-up data available experienced relapse within 8 months.…”

Section: Solid Organ and Hematopoietic Transplantationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leishmaniasis in the United States: Emerging Issues in a Region of Low Endemicity

Curtin

Aronson

2021

Microorganisms

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Leishmaniasis, a chronic and persistent intracellular protozoal infection caused by many different species within the genus Leishmania, is an unfamiliar disease to most North American providers. Clinical presentations may include asymptomatic and symptomatic visceral leishmaniasis (so-called Kala-azar), as well as cutaneous or mucosal disease. Although cutaneous leishmaniasis (caused by Leishmania mexicana in the United States) is endemic in some southwest states, other causes for concern include reactivation of imported visceral leishmaniasis remotely in time from the initial infection, and the possible long-term complications of chronic inflammation from asymptomatic infection. Climate change, the identification of competent vectors and reservoirs, a highly mobile populace, significant population groups with proven exposure history, HIV, and widespread use of immunosuppressive medications and organ transplant all create the potential for increased frequency of leishmaniasis in the U.S. Together, these factors could contribute to leishmaniasis emerging as a health threat in the U.S., including the possibility of sustained autochthonous spread of newly introduced visceral disease. We summarize recent data examining the epidemiology and major risk factors for acquisition of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis, with a special focus on implications for the United States, as well as discuss key emerging issues affecting the management of visceral leishmaniasis.

show abstract

Section: Solid Organ and Hematopoietic Transplantationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leishmaniasis in the United States: Emerging Issues in a Region of Low Endemicity

Curtin

Aronson

2021

Microorganisms

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The average time of disease onset was 23 weeks (0-240). In this case, relapse was seen in 50% of patients, and the overall mortality was 20% [37].…”

Section: Clinical Impact In Transplant (Sot and Hsct)mentioning

confidence: 67%

Leishmaniasis in Transplant Candidates and Recipients: Diagnosis and Management

Clemente¹,

Mourão²

2020

Emerging Transplant Infections

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Leishmaniasis is a rare disease in both solid-organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Additionally, the frequency of disease is likely related to the leishmaniasis prevalence in the general population. Although cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) presentation is more prevalent than that of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the general population, the opposite occurs in transplant patients. The current available knowledge is based on small series, case reports, or extrapolations from studies conducted in the general population or in immunocompromised subjects. Therefore, recommendations for disease management are based on the opinion of experts. Leishmania transmission through organ grafts has not been conclusively demonstrated, and there are relatively low rates of transfusion-transmitted leishmaniasis (TTL). To date, compulsory screening for VL in organ donors and the deferral criteria have still not been established. In the context of transplant recipients, diagnosis and management remain a challenge. Delayed diagnosis frequently occurs because of low clinical suspicion and atypical disease presentation. Liposomal amphotericin is the drug of choice and the most commonly used therapy. However, patient profile, Leishmania species, disease extent, drug availability or toxicity, presence of concomitant infections, and especially response can influence this choice. Immunosuppression dose reduction is often recommended, but such decisions must be taken on an individual basis. The main challenges include donor screening and organ deferral, duration of therapy, secondary prophylaxis, and follow-up.

show abstract

“…VL is characterized by intermittent fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia and polyclonal hyperimmune globulinemia. These symptoms are easily confused with AIDS, aplastic anemia, and plasma cell systemic diseases (7,8). The diagnosis of VL is based on the detection of Leishmania amastigotes in the human body (3,9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case of visceral leishmaniasis found by left oblique hernia: A case report

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an infectious disease caused by Leishmania protozoa. Since sporadic cases of this disease are noted in non-endemic areas and are associated with a limited outbreak, the disease is easily overlooked. In addition, other illnesses exhibit similar symptoms. It is difficult for clinicians to establish an accurate diagnosis and develop effective treatments for this disease. The present study reported a case of a 25-year-old young man admitted to the hospital due to oblique hernia. The case was diagnosed as VL. The patient presented with persistent night sweats and fatigue as described in his admission history. However, the body temperature was normal. Routine examination revealed that the patient exhibited chronic hepatitis B infection, pancytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, significant plasma cell infiltration in bone marrow aspirate and hypergammaglobulinemia. The retrospective analysis of the present case can improve the diagnostic accuracy and treatment rate of VL in non-epidemic areas.

show abstract

Visceral leishmaniasis in hematopoietic cell transplantation: Case report and review of the literature

Cited by 25 publications

References 25 publications

Leishmaniasis in the United States: Emerging Issues in a Region of Low Endemicity

Leishmaniasis in the United States: Emerging Issues in a Region of Low Endemicity

Leishmaniasis in Transplant Candidates and Recipients: Diagnosis and Management

A case of visceral leishmaniasis found by left oblique hernia: A case report

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About