Visceral leishmaniasis after renal transplantation: report of 4 cases in northeastern Brazil

Oliveira, Rodrigo Alves de; Silva, L.S.V.; Carvalho, V.; Coutinho, Antônio Fernando; Pinheiro, F.G.; Lima, Clara Taína Silva; Júnior, João Evangelista; Júnior, Geraldo B. Silva; Daher, Elizabeth F.

doi:10.1111/j.1399-3062.2008.00320.x

Cited by 28 publications

(50 citation statements)

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“…Tal es el caso de los tripanosomas del grupo Salivaria (africanos) (Uzonna et al 1998), (Trypanosoma cruzi (Krettli 1977, Sztein & Kierszenbaum 1993, Bacal et al 2010, Leishmania spp. (Oliveira et al 2008), Toxoplasma gondii (Abedalthagafi et al 2009, García et al 2010, Soléne et al 2010 y Plasmodium falciparum (Grimwade et al 2004). El ejemplo más llamativo causante de este proceso son las infecciones por VIH (Raju et al 2008, Cruz et al 2006, Otieno et al 2006, Jayawardena et al 2008) en las cuales el curso de la enfermedad es más severo producto del debilitamiento del sistema inmune.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Efecto inmunosupresor de la infección por <i>Trypanosoma musculi</i> (Mastigophora: Trypanosomatidae) en la toxoplasmosis experimental

Piccolo-Johanning

Kellerman-Guterman

Valerio-Campos

et al. 2013

RBT

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Immunosuppressor effect of Trypanosoma musculi (Mastigophora: Trypanosomatidae) on experimental toxoplasmosis. The immunosuppression caused by species of the gender Trypanosoma has been widely documented. The influence over experimental infections with Toxoplasma gondii is evident when using Trypanosoma lewisi, a natural parasite of white rats. We decided to test the effect of Trypanosoma musculi from mice, an organism with very similar biological characteristics to T. lewisi, to see if this trypanosomatid could induce a similar effect. Four groups of Swiss mice were inoculated with T. musculi previously to infection with T. gondii, and we determined the survival of the animals, as well as the number of cysts developed in the brain of survivors. We isolated and tested different strains of T. gondii from different sources. In a first experiment, the animals were previously inoculated with T. musculi at different times prior to the infection with Toxoplasma; this allowed us to determine that the immunosuppression process resulted more evident when T. musculi inoculation was made four days before. In a second experiment, we used different inoculi dose and found that it did not influenced the process. Furthermore, the results were negative when evaluating if the amount of the inoculated trypomastigote influenced the process. In order to demonstrate if there were differences in the immnosuppressive effect, related to Toxoplasma strains, groups of mice were inoculated with brain cysts of TFC, TLP, TLW and TBT strains. Excluding the TLP strain, that resulted to be very pathogenic regardless the previous inoculation with T. lewisi, the other strains kept the same pattern of immunosuppression in mice, whose survival time was shorter as the presence of cysts in the brain was higher. These observations were in agreement with an experimental immunosuppression model, associated with immunosuppressive diseases, specially cancer and AIDS. Rev. Biol. Trop. 61 (2): 981-990. Epub 2013 June 01.

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Efecto inmunosupresor de la infección por <i>Trypanosoma musculi</i> (Mastigophora: Trypanosomatidae) en la toxoplasmosis experimental

Piccolo-Johanning

Kellerman-Guterman

Valerio-Campos

et al. 2013

RBT

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“…Organ transplants are becoming more widespread in cities that are endemic for visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil, [Broeckaert-van et al 1979; Sirvent-von et al 2004; Oliveira et al 2008] as in Natal and Fortaleza in the Northeast region and Belo Horizonte in the Southeast [Costa 2008; Albuquerque et al 2009; Jeronimo et al 1994]. A brief review of human immune response to Leishmania will help to illustrate why immunocompromised hosts have an increased risk of developing symptomatic VL.…”

Section: Changing Epidemiology Of Visceral Leishmaniasismentioning

confidence: 99%

New challenges in the epidemiology and treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in periurban areas

Dupnik

Nascimento

Rodrigues-Neto

et al. 2011

Drug Development Research

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Visceral leishmaniasis [VL] represents a major public health problem in many areas of the world. This review focuses on the impact of periurbanization on the epidemiology and treatment of VL, using Brazil as an example. VL continues to be mostly a disease of poverty with impact on families. However, the disease has expanded in Latin America, with foci reported as far south as Argentina. There is an increasing overlap of Leishmania infantum chagasi and HIV infections and other immunosuppressive conditions, resulting in VL emerging as an opportunistic infection. This new setting poses new challenges for VL disease control and patient management.

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“…Classically, transmission of Leishmania parasites occurs through sand fly bites, however, studies in France {[7] #248}, Italy {[8] #6}, Spain {[9] #12}, India {[10] #9}, Bangladesh {[11] #250} and Turkey {[12] #251} showed that asymptomatic individuals are found among blood donors, suggesting that transfusion of Leishmania -contaminated blood products might be a source of disease transmission in parallel to syringe sharing {[13] #68} and organ transplantation {[14] #7; [15] #8; [16] #19; [17] #41; [18] #246}. In northeastern Brazil, the prevalence of anti- Leishmania antibodies was 9% among blood donors, increased to 25% in a VL focus and was highest (37%) among poly-transfused hemodialysis patients {[19] #37}.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological survey of Leishmaniainfection in blood donors in Salvador, Northeastern Brazil

et al. 2014

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BackgroundVisceral Leishmaniasis is endemic to Brazil, where it is caused by Leishmania infantum (syn. Leishmania chagasi). Following parasite inoculation, individuals may experience asymptomatic infection, raising the possibility of parasite transmission through the transfusion of contaminated blood products. In the present work, we evaluated the prevalence of asymptomatic Leishmania infection among blood donors in Salvador, northeastern Brazil.MethodsPeripheral blood was collected from 700 blood donors attending the Blood Bank of Bahia (HEMOBA/SESAB), from January to September 2010. We evaluated anti-Leishmania serology by ELISA, employing Soluble Leishmania Antigen (sensitivity 90% and specificity 95%). The presence of parasite DNA was determined by qPCR, targeting a single copy gene (G6PD), and by end-point PCR, targeting multiple targets, namely a segment located in the Leishmania rRNA locus (ITS) and the conserved region of kinetoplastid DNA (kDNA) minicircles.ResultsThe blood-donor population was comprised of 74.5% of males with a mean age of 34 years. Anti-Leishmania serology by ELISA was positive in 5.4% (38/700) individuals. One individual was also positive for Chagas’ disease and another tested positive for Syphilis. Employing qPCR, parasite DNA was not found in any of 38 seropositive samples. However, by ITS PCR, 8/38 (21%) samples were positive and this positivity increased to 26/38 (68%) when we targeted kDNA amplification. Agreement between both techniques (ITS and kDNA PCR) was fair (kappa = 0.219).ConclusionsThese results indicate that asymptomatic infection is present among the blood donor population of Salvador, a finding that warrants a broader discussion regarding the need to implement specific screening strategies.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2334-14-422) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Visceral leishmaniasis after renal transplantation: report of 4 cases in northeastern Brazil

Cited by 28 publications

References 18 publications

Efecto inmunosupresor de la infección por <i>Trypanosoma musculi</i> (Mastigophora: Trypanosomatidae) en la toxoplasmosis experimental

Efecto inmunosupresor de la infección por <i>Trypanosoma musculi</i> (Mastigophora: Trypanosomatidae) en la toxoplasmosis experimental

New challenges in the epidemiology and treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in periurban areas

Serological survey of Leishmaniainfection in blood donors in Salvador, Northeastern Brazil

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