Visceral fat loss measured by magnetic resonance imaging in relation to changes in serum lipid levels of obese men and women.

Leenen, R.; Kooy, K. van der; Droop, Alastair; Seidell, J.C.; Weststrate, J.A.; Hautvast, J.G.A.J.

doi:10.1161/01.atv.13.4.487

Cited by 45 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…36 ± 38 Accordingly, it is reported that reductions in this depot are correlated with concurrent reductions in metabolic risk factors in men and women. 10,39,40 In this study the addition of either aerobic or resistance exercise to a diet regimen was associated with a preservation of skeletal muscle in both sexes. This is consistent with the observation that muscular strength and peak VO 2 increased within the resistance and aerobically trained groups respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Doing so may improve our understanding of the acknowledged sex differences for weight loss-mediated improvements in metabolic risk factors. 10 In addition, the importance of SM in maintaining functional capacity and energy metabolism suggests it is also important to understand whether sex in¯uences adaptations in SM morphology in response to diet and exercise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of sex on the change in visceral, subcutaneous adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in response to weight loss

1999

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OBJECTIVE: To examine the in¯uence of sex on whole body and regional subcutaneous, visceral, total adipose tissue (AT), skeletal muscle (SM), and lean tissue in response to weight loss induced by diet alone (DO) or the combination of diet and aerobic (DA) or resistance exercise (DR). DESIGN: Sixty upper-body obese men and women were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: DO, DA, or DR. All tissues were measured using a whole body, magnetic resonance imaging protocol. RESULTS: Within each group reductions were observed for body weight (~11 kg), subcutaneous and visceral AT (P`0.01). After controlling for pretreatment differences in tissue size, reductions in total adiposity, total and regional subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue were not different between sexes (P b 0.1). Independent of sex, the reduction in visceral AT was greater than subcutaneous AT (P`0.05) in response to DO and DA. With the exception of DA women, the reduction in abdominal subcutaneous AT was greater (P`0.05) than lower-body subcutaneous AT in response to diet and exercise, but not diet alone, in both sexes (P b 0.05). Independent of sex, skeletal muscle mass was preserved within the exercise groups (P b 0.05) but not diet alone (P`0.05). Peak VO 2 (lamin) improved in the DA groups as did muscular strength in the DR groups (P`0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These ®ndings indicate that in response to diet or diet and exercise-induced weight loss, reductions in total adiposity, subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue distribution are not different in obese men and women. Independent of sex, the combination of diet and exercise results in a preservation of skeletal muscle mass, a preferential reduction of abdominal subcutaneous AT, and improved functional capacity by comparison to diet alone.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of sex on the change in visceral, subcutaneous adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in response to weight loss

1999

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“…Although gender differences in VAT reduction are largely explained by pre-treatment differences in the size of this fat depot, one important clinical observation still remains, and that is the fact that, in response to a comparable weight loss ( 7 11% of initial body weight), women lose less VAT than do men. Since improvements of the metabolic VAT and weight loss E Doucet et al risk profile are closely associated to reductions in VAT Marks et al, 1998;Wirth & Steinmetz, 1998), it is possible that the more pronounced improvements of the metabolic risk profile which are observed in men in response to weight loss (Leenen et al, 1993) are tributary to a greater reduction in VAT levels. Moreover, the fact that changes in VAT are also at least partly independent from changes in total FM is also clinically relevant since it implies that we cannot assume with certainty that a large fat loss will systematically lead to a large reduction in VAT.…”

Section: Dependent Variablementioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of visceral adipose tissue during weight loss

et al. 2002

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Objective: The aims of the present study were to retrospectively: (1) compare how weight loss affects the reduction of adipose tissue from three different sites between men and women; and (2) to verify whether gender differences in the reduction of adipose tissue are influenced by changes in fat mass (FM) and initial levels of fat in different compartments. Design: Double-blind randomized treatment with fenfluramine once daily coupled to a non-macronutrient specific energy restriction. Subjects: Seventeen obese men (age 43.9 AE 1.5 and body mass index (BMI) 34.3 AE 0.7) and 17 obese women (age 41.2 AE 1.2 and BMI 35.7 AE 0.6). Interventions: Subjects were given fenfluramine (60 mg) or placebo once daily and were also subjected to a non-macronurient specific energy restriction of 72.9 MJ=day (7700 kcal=day) for 15 weeks. Results: Body weight, FM, fat-free mass (FFM), waist circumference, BMI, as well as visceral (VAT), subcutaneous abdominal (SAT) and thigh (TAT) adipose tissue were all significantly reduced. Men lost significantly more VAT (741.6%) than SAT (722.5%), or than TAT (720.5%) while no site difference in fat loss was observed in women when changes were calculated as a percentage of initial levels. Men lost about twice as much fat from the VAT compartment than did women (P < 0.05), even after having considered changes in FM as a potential covariate. In absolute values, TAT was reduced to a lesser extent in men than in women. However, when initial levels of respective fat depots were also taken into account, gender differences in VAT and TAT loss were no longer statistically significant. Conclusion: These results suggest that gender differences in VAT reduction during weight loss are independent of changes in FM. However, once initial levels of VAT are also taken into account, gender differences in the reduction of this tissue during weight loss are no longer apparent.

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“…8,9 Additionally, decreases of VAT, resulting from weight loss have been related to reductions in blood lipid levels. 10 Such favourable changes may be explained by the effect of weight loss on cholesterol metabolism. Although few studies have examined effects of weight loss on cholesterol kinetics, those that did have indicated that weight loss may decrease rates of cholesterol synthesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholesterol metabolism and body composition in women: the effects of moderate weight loss

et al. 2007

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Objective: To determine how moderate weight loss protocol through diet and exercise may affect changes in body composition, to determine the effects of weight loss on cholesterol metabolism and to examine the relationship between cholesterol metabolism and changes in body composition. Design: Thirty-five otherwise healthy, hypercholesterolemic women completed a 24-week weight loss study. A 20% decrease in energy intake through diet and a 10% increase in energy expenditure by exercise were combined with motivational strategies to encourage weight loss. The diet was self-selected and comprised of 50-60% carbohydrates, 20% protein and o30% fat. Results: Participants lost an average of 11.772.5 kg (Po0.001). Whole body and regional losses in tissue mass occurred after weight loss. After weight loss, cholesterol fractional synthesis rate (FSR) decreased (P ¼ 0.003) 3.8679.33%, whereas rates of cholesterol absorption and turnover did not change (3.31719.4%, P ¼ 0.32 and À0.0176.20%, P ¼ 0.75, respectively). Changes in cholesterol turnover were positively correlated (r ¼ 0.44, P ¼ 0.01) with changes in FSR. Reductions in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were predictive (b ¼ À5.04, r ¼ 0.38; P ¼ 0.03, and b ¼ À147, r ¼ 0.40; P ¼ 0.03, respectively) of increases in cholesterol turnover. Losses in skeletal muscle (SM) and upper-body SM predicted (b ¼ 6.82, r ¼ 0.36; P ¼ 0.04 and b ¼ 14.7, r ¼ 0.41; P ¼ 0.01, respectively) decreases in cholesterol absorption. Conclusions: Decreases in cholesterol synthesis after moderate weight loss are not compensated for by changes in cholesterol absorption or turnover. Changes in regional body composition were associated with variations in cholesterol metabolism. Understanding how weight loss affects cholesterol metabolism will help identify more effective treatment routes for overweight individuals undergoing weight loss resulting in earlier and more intensive therapy for the associated dyslipidemia.

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Visceral fat loss measured by magnetic resonance imaging in relation to changes in serum lipid levels of obese men and women.

Cited by 45 publications

References 25 publications

Effects of sex on the change in visceral, subcutaneous adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in response to weight loss

Effects of sex on the change in visceral, subcutaneous adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in response to weight loss

Reduction of visceral adipose tissue during weight loss

Cholesterol metabolism and body composition in women: the effects of moderate weight loss

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