Visceral and Subcutaneous Adiposity and Adiponectin in Middle‐aged Japanese Men: The ERA JUMP Study

Nakamura, Yasuyuki; Kadowaki, Takashi; Kadota, Aya; Kadowaki, Sayaka; Maegawa, Hiroshi; Kita, Yoshikuni; Evans, Rhobert W.; Edmundowicz, Daniel; Curb, J. David; Ueshima, Hirotsugu

doi:10.1038/oby.2009.3

Cited by 30 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Although 35,23, and 17% of smokers in the normalweight, overweight, and obese categories, respectively, had spirometry-defined COPD, the remainder was considered at risk for COPD. Of the 417 subjects with COPD overall, 175 subjects were in GOLD stage 1, 211 subjects were in GOLD stage 2, and 31subjects were in GOLD stage 3 disease.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spirometry and Health Status Worsen with Weight Gain in Obese Smokers but Improve in Normal-Weight Smokers

Sood

Petersen

Meek

et al. 2014

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

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Rationale: The literature on the effect of obesity and weight gain on respiratory outcomes in smokers is contradictory.Objective: To examine the cross-sectional effect of body mass index (BMI) and the longitudinal effect of change in BMI upon spirometry and health status among smokers at risk for and with milder chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods: Participants from the Lovelace Smokers' Cohort were followed for a median period of 6 years, 75% of whom were at risk and 25% of whom had COPD at baseline examination. BMI and gain in BMI were examined as continuous independent variables overall and after stratification into three categories (normalweight, overweight, and obese) determined on the basis of baseline weight. Spirometry and health status (as assessed by St. George Respiratory Questionnaire total and subscale scores) were dependent variables. Covariates included age, sex, ethnicity, packyears of smoking, and current smoking status. Cross-sectional analysis used linear and logistic regression; longitudinal analysis used a mixed model approach. Measurements and Main Results:In cross-sectional analyses, higher BMI was associated with worse health status among obese smokers but with better health status among normal-weight smokers. In longitudinal analyses, weight gain was associated with a decrease in FEV 1 and health status among obese smokers and with an increase in these outcomes among normal-weight smokers.Conclusions: Weight gain affects respiratory outcomes differently between obese and normal-weight smokers. Whereas FEV 1 and health status decrease with weight gain among obese smokers, they improve among normal-weight smokers. The nonlinear relationship between weight gain and respiratory outcomes suggests that this effect of excess weight is unlikely to be mechanical alone. At a Glance CommentaryScientific Knowledge on the Subject: The effect of weight as well as gain in weight upon spirometry and health status among smokers at risk for and with milder chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has not been adequately studied. The limited literature in this field has contradictory findings.What This Study Adds to the Field: Weight gain affects respiratory outcomes differently between obese and normalweight smokers. Spirometric function and health status decrease with weight gain among obese smokers but improve among normal-weight smokers. The nonlinear relationship between weight gain and respiratory outcomes suggests that this effect of excess weight is unlikely to be mechanical alone.The worldwide prevalence of obesity has more than doubled between 1980 and 2008 (1). During the period 2009-2010, more than one-third of American adults were obese, and the prevalence was even higher among women (2). Excess weight was likely responsible for about 18% of all adult deaths in the United States between 1986 and 2006; this rate was higher for women

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Smokers develop chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema, but these two traditional phenotypes of COPD are not always easily distinguishable (35). Although obesity is typically described as seen with chronic bronchitis, emphysema is typically associated with a low BMI value (36)(37)(38).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spirometry and Health Status Worsen with Weight Gain in Obese Smokers but Improve in Normal-Weight Smokers

Sood

Petersen

Meek

et al. 2014

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

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“…In line with this finding, results from previous studies in Asian populations suggest that intra-abdominal fat may reduce adiponectin levels to a greater extent than subcutaneous fat, 19--21 although other studies did not support this. 22,23 Previous studies on ethnic differences in insulin resistance mainly compared various ethnic groups with whites who have consistently been observed to have the lowest level of insulin resistance among major ethnic groups for a given degree of adiposity. 24--26 Among the few studies that included multiple Asian ethnic groups, two Canadian studies 3,27 found higher insulin resistance in Asian Indians than in Chinese, which is consistent with our results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can body fat distribution, adiponectin levels and inflammation explain differences in insulin resistance between ethnic Chinese, Malays and Asian Indians?

et al. 2011

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OBJECTIVE: Diabetes in Asia constitutes approximately half of the global burden. Although insulin resistance and incidence of type 2 diabetes differ substantially between ethnic groups within Asia, the reasons for these differences are poorly understood.We evaluated to what extent body fatness, adiponectin levels and inflammation mediate the relationship between ethnicity and insulin resistance in an Asian setting. DESIGN: Cross-sectional population-based study. SUBJECTS: In total, 4136 adult Chinese, Malays and Asian Indians residing in Singapore. MEASUREMENTS: Insulin resistance was assessed using homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) and systemic inflammation by C-reactive protein (CRP). Data were analyzed using path analysis. RESULTS: HOMA-IR was highest in Asian Indians, intermediate in Malays and lowest in Chinese (Po0.001). The difference in HOMA-IR between Malays and Chinese disappeared after adjusting for body mass index (BMI). For the comparison of Asian Indians with Chinese, the association between ethnicity and HOMA-IR was mediated by BMI (men: 32.9%; women: 48.5%), BMI-adjusted waist circumference (men: 6.1%; women: 3.5%), and CRP (men: 5.1%; women: 5.6%), and unidentified factors (men: 47.2%; women: 26.5%). Part of the mediating effects of body fatness was indirect through effects of body fatness on CRP and adiponectin concentrations. CONCLUSION: Mediators of ethnic differences in insulin resistance differed markedly depending on the ethnic groups compared. General adiposity explained the difference in insulin resistance between Chinese and Malays, whereas abdominal fat distribution, inflammation and unexplained factors contributed to excess insulin resistance in Asian Indians as compared with Chinese and Malays. These findings suggest that interventions targeting excess weight gain can reduce ethnic disparities in insulin resistance among Asian Indians, Chinese and Malays.

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“…Moreover, accumulation of visceral fat is associated with hypoadiponectinemia (Nakamura et al, 2009), indicating that the synthesis of adiponectin is impaired in obese individuals. Accordingly, adiponectin production by adipocytes is inhibited by pro-inflammatory factors, such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, as well as by hypoxia and oxidative stress (Ouchi et al, 2003;Berg, Scherer, 2005;Deng, Scherer, 2011).…”

Section: Adiponectinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance

Martins

Oliveira

Cruz

et al. 2014

Braz. J. Pharm. Sci.

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White adipose tissue (WAT) is considered an endocrine organ. When present in excess, WAT can influence metabolism via biologically active molecules. Following unregulated production of such molecules, adipose tissue dysfunction results, contributing to complications associated with obesity. Previous studies have implicated pro-and anti-inflammatory substances in the regulation of inflammatory response and in the development of insulin resistance. In obese individuals, pro-inflammatory molecules produced by adipose tissue contribute to the development of insulin resistance and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. On the other hand, the molecules with anti-inflammatory action, that have been associated with the improvement of insulin sensitivity, have your decreased production. Imbalance of these substances contributes significantly to metabolic disorders found in obese individuals. The current review aims to provide updated information regarding the activity of biomolecules produced by WAT.Uniterms: Obesity. Inflammation. Adipose tissue. Adipokines. Insulin resistance.O tecido adiposo branco (WAT) é considerado um órgão endócrino, que, em excesso, é capaz de controlar o metabolismo, pela ação de moléculas biologicamente ativas. A produção desregulada destas substâncias pela disfunção do tecido adiposo pode contribuir para as complicações presentes na obesidade. As pesquisas atuais têm esclarecido fatores e mecanismos envolvidos na atuação de substâncias pró e anti-inflamatórias na modulação da inflamação e da resistência à insulina. Em indivíduos obesos, as moléculas pró-inflamatórias produzidas pelo tecido adiposo têm sido implicadas como fator contribuinte para o desenvolvimento da resistência à insulina e aumento do risco de doença cardiovascular. Por outro lado, as moléculas com ação anti-inflamatória, que atuam na melhora da sensibilidade à insulina, têm sua produção reduzida. O desequilíbrio entre essas substâncias contribui de forma significativa para as desordens metabólicas presente em indivíduos obesos. Assim, esta revisão visa a trazer informações atualizadas sobre a atuação de moléculas secretadas pelo tecido adiposo. Unitermos:Obesidade. Inflamação. Tecido adiposo. Adipocinas. Resistência à insulina.

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Visceral and Subcutaneous Adiposity and Adiponectin in Middle‐aged Japanese Men: The ERA JUMP Study

Cited by 30 publications

References 30 publications

Spirometry and Health Status Worsen with Weight Gain in Obese Smokers but Improve in Normal-Weight Smokers

Spirometry and Health Status Worsen with Weight Gain in Obese Smokers but Improve in Normal-Weight Smokers

Can body fat distribution, adiponectin levels and inflammation explain differences in insulin resistance between ethnic Chinese, Malays and Asian Indians?

Obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance

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