“…The TNBS-induced PI-IBS model has been well studied, and the features of IBS, such as visceral hypersensitivity [16,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]36], motility dysfunction [30], alteration in histopathology [33][34][35], and changes in permeability and secretion [31,32], have also been identified in the experimental animals after recovery from the initial inflammation. Moreover, studies have indicated that TNBS-induced visceral hypersensitivity is long-lasting (about 17 weeks after TNBS administration), and that the effects of TNBS are dose dependent [18,19].…”