Visceral adiposity, insulin resistance and cancer risk

Donohoe, Claire L.; Doyle, Suzanne; Reynolds, John V.

doi:10.1186/1758-5996-3-12

Cited by 199 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 163 publications

(194 reference statements)

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“…Body size and shape are considered direct indicators of body fat content [12]. This is also linked to the extent and severity of cancer incidence [13]. Researchers found a close link between BMI and increase in different cancer types; with the risk increases steadily with the increased index value.…”

Section: Obesity-cancer Connectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and Cancer: What’s the Interconnection?

Faris¹

2015

AOWMC

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Obesity is one of the most prevalent nutritional diseases, associated with chronic morbidity and mortality. Persuasive evidence indicates a striking association between obesity and incidence of common neoplasms, such as those of the esophagus, endometrium, kidney and breast in post menopause women, prostate in men, in addition to colon, rectum and bladder. Such an association has been supported by clinical and laboratory experiments on humans and animals, respectively. The findings have revealed that obesity and increased body fatness, in general and visceral adiposity, in particular, increase the vulnerability to develop different cancers. Although the impact of obesity in cancer progression differs according to the type of cancer, all the obesity-related cancers are centered around body adiposity. This review highlights the different hormonal, biochemical and molecular changes that might be involved in obesity-related cancers. Increased serum insulin, insulin-like growth factor, steroids "sex hormones" and the disturbances in adiponectin and leptin hormones are included. Biochemical and metabolic changes that mediate obesity-related carcinogenesis involving elevated oxidative stress and inflammation levels in the body and the concomitant increment in circulatory proinflammatory cytokines are discussed.

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Section: Obesity-cancer Connectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and Cancer: What’s the Interconnection?

Faris¹

2015

AOWMC

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“…Obesity impairs insulin action and results in insulin resistance and compensatory hyperglycemia [65] ; thus potentially confounding the association between insulin levels and cancer, as well as that between insulin usage and cancer. In this regard, one study reported that the association between obesity and cancer is mediated via the AMPK pathway [66] , although many authors believe that insulin and the IGF axis may play a role in obesity-related high cancer risk [67] . With the Hong Kong Diabetes Registry, we reported that insulin usage is associated with a reduced risk of cancer [18] and the hazard ratio is unchanged after further adjusting for the non-linear association between BMI and cancer (unpublished data).…”

Section: Confounding Effects Of Obesity In Examination Of Insulin Levmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes, insulin and cancer risk

Yang

Chan²

2012

WJD

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There is a consensus that both type 1 and type 2 diabetes are associated with a spectrum of cancers but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. On the other hand, there are ongoing debates about the risk association of insulin use with cancer. We have briefly reviewed recent related research on exploration of risk factors for cancer and pharmacoepidemiological investigations into drug use in diabetes on the risk of cancer, as well as the current understanding of metabolic pathways implicated in intermediary metabolism and cellular growth. Based on the novel findings from the Hong Kong Diabetes Registry and consistent experimental evidence, we argue that use of insulin to control hyperglycemia is unlikely to contribute to increased cancer risk and that dysregulations in the AMPactivated protein kinase pathway due to reduced insulin action and insulin resistance, the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)-cholesterol synthesis pathway and renin-angiotensin system, presumably due to reduced insulin secretion and hyperglycemia, may play causal roles in the increased risk of cancer in diabetes. Further exploration into the possible causal relationships between abnormalities of these pathways and the risk of cancer in diabetes is warranted.

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“…Obesity-associated inflammation and cancer are inextricably linked and despite robust epidemiological evidence connecting obesity and cancer, the pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning the association remain poorly characterised (17,18) . The expanded adipose tissue mass associated with an obese phenotype is deposited in both the intra-abdominal compartment, where it is known as central or visceral adiposity, and beneath the skin, where it is called subcutaneous adipose tissue.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity-associated cancer: an immunological perspective

et al. 2015

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Epidemiological studies have established an association between obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and a number of cancer types. Research has focused predominantly on altered endocrine factors, growth factors and signalling pathways, with little known in man about the immune involvement in the relevant pathophysiological processes. Moreover, in an era of exciting new breakthroughs in cancer immunotherapy, there is also a need to study the safety and efficacy of immunotherapeutics in the complex setting of inflammatory-driven obesityassociated cancer. This review addresses key immune cell subsets underpinning obesityassociated inflammation and describes how such immune compartments might be targeted to prevent and treat obesity-associated cancer. We propose that the modulation, metabolism, migration and abundance of pro-and anti-inflammatory cells and tumour-specific T cells might be therapeutically altered to both restore immune balance, alleviating pathological inflammation, and to improve anti-tumour immune responses in obesity-associated cancer. Obesity: Cancer: Lymphocytes: Immunotherapeutics: InflammationThe burgeoning global health burden of obesity is of grave concern, affecting over half a billion adults worldwide, with approximately 3·5 million attributable deaths each year (1) . Despite national and international interventions to promote a healthy diet and lifestyle, recent reports predict that global obesity rates show no signs of abating, with predictions that half of all adults will be overweight or obese by 2030 (WHO). The worldwide prevalence of obesity almost doubled in the period 1980-2008. In 1980, 5 % of men and 8 % of women were obese and by 2008, these rates were 10 and 14 %, respectively. In many areas of the western world, the overweight phenotype is now the most prevalent body type. For example, in the USA in 2010 the prevalence of a BMI ≥ 25 was 69·2 %, with 35·9 % of people being obese (BMI ≥ 30) (2)

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Visceral adiposity, insulin resistance and cancer risk

Cited by 199 publications

References 163 publications

Obesity and Cancer: What’s the Interconnection?

Obesity and Cancer: What’s the Interconnection?

Diabetes, insulin and cancer risk

Obesity-associated cancer: an immunological perspective

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