Visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), and product of triglycerides and glucose (TyG) to discriminate prediabetes and diabetes

Abstract

The present study evaluated the ability of the visceral adiposity index (VAI), the lipid accumulation product (LAP), and product of triglycerides and glucose (TyG), three novel, insulin resistance-related markers, to discriminate prediabetes/diabetes in the general German population. Altogether 2,045 Germans (31–72 years, 53.3% women) without known diabetes and a history of Myocardial Infarction (MI)/stroke from the Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) F4 Study were eligible. The discriminatory accuracy of the markers for oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)-defined prediabetes/diabetes according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). The Youden Index (YI) was used to determine optimal cut-off values, and a non-parametric ROC regression was used to examine whether the discriminatory accuracy varied by sex and age. 365 men (38.2%) and 257 women (23.6%) were newly diagnosed with prediabetes/diabetes. AUCs for TyG, LAP and VAI were 0.762 (95% CI 0.740–0.784), 0.743 (95% CI 0.720–0.765), and 0.687 (95% CI 0.662–0.712), respectively. The optimal cut-off values for the LAP and TyG were 56.70 and 8.75 in men, and 30.40 and 8.53 in women. In conclusion, TyG and LAP provide good discrimination of persons with prediabetes/diabetes.

Lipid accumulation product independently correlate with hepatic steatosis quantified by controlled attenuation parameter in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

“…VAT plays a key role in the association of metabolic risks with IR (25). The three combined metabolic indices LAP, VAI, and TyG have been introduced as indicators of visceral adipose function and IR (15), which also could discriminate prediabetes and diabetes (17). In women with PCOS, LAP, a newly developed biomarker which mainly reflects the abdominal obesity, is associated with IR and MetS in women with PCOS (21,26,27).…”

“…Recently, different metabolic indices combining both anthropometric and lipid measures have been used as a valuable indicator of visceral adipose function (13) and a new continuous marker of lipid overaccumulation (14). The new body fat indices such as lipid accumulation product (LAP) index, visceral adiposity index (VAI), and product of triglycerides and glucose (TyG) can accurately predict insulin resistance (IR), prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (15,16,17,18). In the present study, we aimed to explore whether the new adiposity indices (LAP, VAI, and TyG) could predict the risk of HS quantified by CAP in women with PCOS.…”

Relationships of surrogate indexes of insulin resistance with insulin sensitivity assessed by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp and subclinical vascular damage

“…An ideal surrogate index of insulin sensitivity for use in large epidemiological studies should be based on affordable anthropometric and/or laboratory measures routinely gathered in clinical settings. Among these, the visceral adiposity index (VAI),16 and the lipid accumulation product (LAP), both based on anthropometric and laboratory parameters17 have been developed and analyzed in relation to homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), but not to the gold standard measure of insulin sensitivity assessed by the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp method 18–25. Additionally, two other surrogate indexes of insulin sensitivity based on plasma triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) measurements, that is, the triglycerides × fasting glucose (TyG) index and TG/HDL-C concentration ratio, have been suggested as surrogate estimates of insulin sensitivity, and validated in comparison to the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp method,26 the steady-state plasma glucose (SSPG) concentration during the insulin suppression test27 or a 3-hour hyperglycemic clamp test 28.…”

The Effects of Thylakoid-Rich Spinach Extract Combined with the Calorie-Restricted Diet on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

“…However, the changes in VAI were not signi cant between the two groups at the end of the study. According to several studies, three novel insulin resistance-related markers such as the VAI, LAP, and TyG have shown high accuracy for IR and had higher sensitivity for prediabetes/diabetes discrimination in the general population [28]. These three indices were computed by anthropometric and laboratory parameters (TG, HDL, FBS).…”

“…The free androgen index (FAI) was calculated based on suggested formulas [27]. TyG index, LAP, and VAI were calculated based on suggested formulas as follows [28]:…”