Viruses of the Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis Complex

Na, Young; Km, Johnson; Lw, Gauld

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1969.18.290

Cited by 30 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…30,31,[39][40][41] The high rate of VEE virus antibodies we found in Proechimys guairae is consistent with the conclusions of previous studies that these spiny rats are important reservoir hosts of enzootic VEE viruses. 37 We also detected antibodies in two Didelphis marsupialis, consistent with previous results in Venezuela. 30,31 To our knowledge, Marmosa spp.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In Panama, cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) and spiny rats (Proechimys semispinosus) were implicated based on antibody rates and detection of natural viremia, 35,36 as well as on the high-titered viremia generated after experimental infections. 37 In Florida, S. hispidus and Peromyscus gossypinus were implicated as important reservoirs. 38 Other mammals, such as opossums (Didelphis marsupialis) are also frequently infected with enzootic VEE viruses in a variety of locations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ecological studies of enzootic Venezuelan equine encephalitis in north-central Venezuela, 1997-1998.

Salas¹,

García

Liria

et al. 2001

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. From 1997From -1998, we investigated the possible continuous circulation of epizootic Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus suggested by a 1983 subtype IC interepizootic mosquito isolate made in Panaquire, Miranda State, Venezuela. The study area was originally covered by lowland tropical rainforest but has been converted into cacao plantations. Sentinel hamsters, small mammal trapping, mosquito collections, and human serosurveys were used to detect active or recent virus circulation. Six strains of subtype ID VEE virus were isolated from hamsters that displayed no apparent disease. Four other arboviruses belonging to group A (Togaviridae: Alphavirus), two Bunyamwera group (Bunyaviridae), and three Gamboa group (Bunyaviridae) arboviruses were also isolated from hamsters, as well as 8 unidentified viruses. Venezuelan equine encephalitis-specific antibodies were detected in 5 small mammal species: Proechimys guairae, Marmosa spp., and Didelphis marsupialis. Mosquito collections comprised of 38 different species, including 8 members of the subgenus Culex (Melanoconion), did not yield any virus isolates. Sera from 195 humans, either workers in the cacao plantation or nearby residents, were all negative for VEE virus antibodies. Sequences of 1,677 nucleotides from the P62 gene of 2 virus isolates indicated that they represent a subtype ID lineage that is distinct from all others characterized previously, and are unrelated to epizootic VEE emergence.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological studies of enzootic Venezuelan equine encephalitis in north-central Venezuela, 1997-1998.

Salas¹,

García

Liria

et al. 2001

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This lower infectivity of artificial meals is the result of differences in virus distribution within the digesting blood meal (33). Therefore, our data generated with the less efficient artificial blood meal method indicate that O. taeniorhynchus is relatively susceptible to epizootic VEEV in nature, where reservoir hosts such as cotton rats probably generate viremia titers comparable with those we used (35). Our previous results demonstrating little equine viremia after experimental infection with these Mexican epizootic VEEV strains (17) suggest that they use alternative amplification hosts with higher viremia titers, which remain to be elucidated in coastal Mexico.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Venezuelan equine encephalitis emergence: Enhanced vector infection from a single amino acid substitution in the envelope glycoprotein

Brault¹,

Powers²,

Ortiz³

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

157

137

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In 1993 and 1996, subtype IE Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus caused epizootics in the Mexican states of Chiapas and Oaxaca. Previously, only subtype IAB and IC VEE virus strains had been associated with major outbreaks of equine and human disease. The IAB and IC epizootics are believed to emerge via adaptation of enzootic (sylvatic, equine-avirulent) strains for high titer equine viremia that results in efficient infection of mosquito vectors. However, experimental equine infections with subtype IE equine isolates from the Mexican outbreaks demonstrated neurovirulence but little viremia, inconsistent with typical VEE emergence mechanisms. Therefore, we hypothesized that changes in the mosquito vector host range might have contributed to the Mexican emergence. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the susceptibility of the most abundant mosquito in the deforested Pacific coastal locations of the VEE outbreaks and a proven epizootic vector, Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus. The Mexican epizootic equine isolates exhibited significantly greater infectivity compared with closely related enzootic strains, supporting the hypothesis that adaptation to an efficient epizootic vector contributed to disease emergence. Reverse genetic studies implicated a Ser 3 Asn substitution in the E2 envelope glycoprotein as the major determinant of the increased vector infectivity phenotype. Our findings underscore the capacity of RNA viruses to alter their vector host range through minor genetic changes, resulting in the potential for disease emergence.

show abstract

“…[15][16][17] Consistent with this hypothesis, it has been shown that O . couesi from coastal Chiapas are susceptible to infection yet resistant to disease by a sympatric strain of VEEV subtype IE.…”

Section: 10mentioning

confidence: 52%

Experimental Infections of Oryzomys couesi with Sympatric Arboviruses from Mexico

Deardorff

Forrester

Rosa

et al. 2010

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Coues rice rat ( Oryzomys couesi ), a species abundant throughout Central America, was evaluated experimentally for the ability to serve as an amplifying host for three arboviruses: Patois ( Bunyaviridae, Orthobunyavirus ), Nepuyo ( Orthobunyavirus ), and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus subtype ID ( Togaviridae, Alphavirus ). These three viruses have similar ecologies and are known to co-circulate in nature. Animals from all three cohorts survived infection and developed viremia with no apparent signs of illness and long-lasting antibodies. Thus, O. couesi may play a role in the general maintenance of these viruses in nature.During field studies in 2007, two orthobunyaviruses, Patois (PATV) and Nepuyo (NEPV), were isolated from mosquitoes collected in coastal Chiapas, Mexico, an area endemic for Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus subtype IE (VEEV-IE).

show abstract

Viruses of the Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis Complex

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

Ecological studies of enzootic Venezuelan equine encephalitis in north-central Venezuela, 1997-1998.

Ecological studies of enzootic Venezuelan equine encephalitis in north-central Venezuela, 1997-1998.

Venezuelan equine encephalitis emergence: Enhanced vector infection from a single amino acid substitution in the envelope glycoprotein

Experimental Infections of Oryzomys couesi with Sympatric Arboviruses from Mexico

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About