Viruses Isolated from Mosquitoes Collected in Sri Lanka

Peiris, Jsm; Amerasinghe, PH; Amerasinghe, F.P.; Calisher, C. H.; Perera, L. P.; Arunagiri, C. K.; Munasingha, N. B.; Karunaratne, S.H.P.P.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1994.51.154

Cited by 28 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…bitaeniorhycus JE [42, 51]01001 Cx. fuscocephala JE [43], GETV [44]71008 Cx. gelidus JE [43], GETV [44]3910201142 Cx.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…whitei 30003 Cx. whitmorei JE [44]23005 Mansonia species50005 M. annulata Filariasis [55]20002 M. annulifera Filariasis [55]50005 M. dives Filariasis [56, 57]3320035 M. indiana Filariasis [55]60006 M. uniformis Filariasis [55]5930062Unidentified culicine624534005764083Total74136934075785095 Abbreviations : HLC human landing catch, MBT monkey-baited trap, HENET human-baited electrocuting net, MENET monkey-baited electrocuting net a Reference number …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of electric nets as means to sample mosquito vectors host-seeking on humans and primates

Hawkes

Manin

et al. 2017

Parasites Vectors

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Background Plasmodium knowlesi is found in macaques and is the only major zoonotic malaria to affect humans. Transmission of P. knowlesi between people and macaques depends on the host species preferences and feeding behavior of mosquito vectors. However, these behaviours are difficult to measure due to the lack of standardized methods for sampling potential vectors attracted to different host species. This study evaluated electrocuting net traps as a safe, standardised method for sampling P. knowlesi vectors attracted to human and macaque hosts.Field experiments were conducted within a major focus on P. knowlesi transmission in Malaysian Borneo to compare the performance of human (HENET) or macaque (MENET) odour-baited electrocuting nets, human landing catches (HLC) and monkey-baited traps (MBT) for sampling mosquitoes. The abundance and diversity of Anopheles sampled by different methods were compared over 40 nights, with a focus on the P. knowlesi vector Anopheles balabancensis.ResultsHLC caught more An. balabacensis than any other method (3.6 per night). In contrast, no An. balabacensis were collected in MBT collections, which generally performed poorly for all mosquito taxa. Anopheles vector species including An. balabacensis were sampled in both HENET and MENET collections, but at a mean abundance of less than 1 per night. There was no difference between HENET and MENET in the overall abundance (P = 0.05) or proportion (P = 0.7) of An. balabacensis. The estimated diversity of Anopheles species was marginally higher in electrocuting net than HLC collections, and similar in collections made with humans or monkey hosts.ConclusionsHost-baited electrocuting nets had moderate success for sampling known zoonotic malaria vectors. The primary vector An. balabacensis was collected with electrocuting nets baited both with humans and macaques, but at a considerably lower density than the HLC standard. However, electrocuting nets were considerably more successful than monkey-baited traps and representatively characterised anopheline species diversity. Consequently, their use allows inferences about relative mosquito attraction to be meaningfully interpreted while eliminating confounding factors due to trapping method. On this basis, electrocuting net traps should be considered as a useful standardised method for investigating vector contact with humans and wildlife reservoirs.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2277-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…bitaeniorhycus JE [42, 51]01001 Cx. fuscocephala JE [43], GETV [44]71008 Cx. gelidus JE [43], GETV [44]3910201142 Cx.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of electric nets as means to sample mosquito vectors host-seeking on humans and primates

Hawkes

Manin

et al. 2017

Parasites Vectors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Australian Mansonia could be potential vectors of JE because they have been implicated in India (Gajanana 1998), Sri Lanka (Peiris et al 1994), and Sarawak (Simpson et al 1970). Transmission experiments using Ma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vector Competence of Australian Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) for Japanese Encephalitis Virus

et al. 2003

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Australian mosquitoes were evaluated for their ability to become infected with and transmit a Torres Strait strain of Japanese encephalitis virus. Mosquitoes, which were obtained from either laboratory colonies and collected using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention light traps baited with CO2 and octenol or reared from larvae, were infected by feeding on a blood/sucrose solution containing 10(4.5 +/- 0.1) porcine stable-equine kidney (PS-EK) tissue culture infectious dose50/mosquito of the TS3306 virus strain. After 14 d, infection and transmission rates of 100% and 81%, respectively, were obtained for a southeast Queensland strain of Culex annulirostris Skuse, and 93% and 61%, respectively, for a far north Queensland strain. After 13 or more days, infection and transmission rates of > 90% and > or = 50%, respectively, were obtained for southeast Queensland strains of Culex sitiens Wiedemann and Culex quinquefasciatus Say, and a far north Queensland strain of Culex gelidus Theobald. Although infection rates were > 55%, only 17% of Ochlerotatus vigilax (Skuse) and no Cx. quinquefasciatus, collected from far north Queensland, transmitted virus. North Queensland strains of Aedes aegypti L., Ochlerotatus kochi (Dönitz), and Verrallina funerea (Theobald) were relatively refractory to infection. Vertical transmission was not detected among 673 F1 progeny of Oc. vigilax. Results of the current vector competence study, coupled with high field isolation rates, host feeding patterns and widespread distribution, confirm the status of Cx. annulirostris as the major vector of Japanese encephalitis virus in northern Australia. The relative roles of other species in potential Japanese encephalitis virus transmission cycles in northern Australia are discussed.

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“…tritaeniorhynchus , but other mosquito species have been implicated as primary or secondary vectors of JEV (including other members of the Culex vishnui subgroup (C ulex vishnui and Culex pseudovishnui ) [105], Culex fuscocephala Theobald [27, 106, 107], Culex gelidus Theobald [27, 106, 107] and Culex whitmorei Giles [107]). Our map should not, therefore, be interpreted as a map of JE risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the spatial distribution of the Japanese encephalitis vector, Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles, 1901 (Diptera: Culicidae) within areas of Japanese encephalitis risk

et al. 2017

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BackgroundJapanese encephalitis (JE) is one of the most significant aetiological agents of viral encephalitis in Asia. This medically important arbovirus is primarily spread from vertebrate hosts to humans by the mosquito vector Culex tritaeniorhynchus. Knowledge of the contemporary distribution of this vector species is lacking, and efforts to define areas of disease risk greatly depend on a thorough understanding of the variation in this mosquito’s geographical distribution.ResultsWe assembled a contemporary database of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus presence records within Japanese encephalitis risk areas from formal literature and other relevant resources, resulting in 1,045 geo-referenced, spatially and temporally unique presence records spanning from 1928 to 2014 (71.9% of records obtained between 2001 and 2014). These presence data were combined with a background dataset capturing sample bias in our presence dataset, along with environmental and socio-economic covariates, to inform a boosted regression tree model predicting environmental suitability for Cx. tritaeniorhynchus at each 5 × 5 km gridded cell within areas of JE risk. The resulting fine-scale map highlights areas of high environmental suitability for this species across India, Nepal and China that coincide with areas of high JE incidence, emphasising the role of this vector in disease transmission and the utility of the map generated.ConclusionsOur map contributes towards efforts determining the spatial heterogeneity in Cx. tritaeniorhynchus distribution within the limits of JE transmission. Specifically, this map can be used to inform vector control programs and can be used to identify key areas where the prevention of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus establishment should be a priority.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2086-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Viruses Isolated from Mosquitoes Collected in Sri Lanka

Cited by 28 publications

References 6 publications

Evaluation of electric nets as means to sample mosquito vectors host-seeking on humans and primates

Evaluation of electric nets as means to sample mosquito vectors host-seeking on humans and primates

Vector Competence of Australian Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) for Japanese Encephalitis Virus

Mapping the spatial distribution of the Japanese encephalitis vector, Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles, 1901 (Diptera: Culicidae) within areas of Japanese encephalitis risk

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