Viruses infecting common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Tanzania: A review on molecular characterization, detection and disease management options

Mwaipopo, Beatrice; Nchimbi‐Msolla, Susan; Njau, Paul J. R.; Tairo, Fred; William, Magdalena; Binagwa, Papias; Kweka, Elisiana; Kilango, Michael; Mbanzibwa, Deusdedith R.

doi:10.5897/ajar2017.12236

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(115 reference statements)

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“…These viruses have nicked dsRNA genomes and infect plants, fungi and oomycetes, and are transmitted vertically but not horizontally (Okada et al, 2011). We believe this to be the first application of viral metagenomics to assess virus occurrence in this important crop in East Africa (Mwaipopo et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Pests and diseases, and viruses in particular, are major constraints on bean production in East and Central Africa (Morales, 2006; Worrall et al, 2015; Mwaipopo et al, 2017). Among the most important viral pathogens limiting common bean production are two closely related potyviruses, bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), and bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV) (Morales, 2006; Worrall et al, 2015; Mwaipopo et al, 2017). In a study carried out two decades ago, both potyviruses were found to be prevalent in seven districts within Uganda (Sengooba et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metagenomic Analysis of Plant Virus Occurrence in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Central Kenya

et al. 2018

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Two closely related potyviruses, bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) and bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV), are regarded as major constraints on production of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Eastern and Central Africa, where this crop provides a high proportion of dietary protein as well as other nutritional, agronomic, and economic benefits. Previous studies using antibody-based assays and indicator plants indicated that BCMV and BCMNV are both prevalent in bean fields in the region but these approaches cannot distinguish between these potyviruses or detect other viruses that may threaten the crop. In this study, we utilized next generation shotgun sequencing for a metagenomic examination of viruses present in bean plants growing at two locations in Kenya: the University of Nairobi Research Farm in Nairobi's Kabete district and at sites in Kirinyaga County. RNA was extracted from leaves of bean plants exhibiting apparent viral symptoms and sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq platform. We detected BCMNV, cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), and Phaseolus vulgaris alphaendornaviruses 1 and 2 (PvEV1 and 2), with CMV present in the Kirinyaga samples. The CMV strain detected in this study was most closely related to Asian strains, which suggests that it may be a recent introduction to the region. Surprisingly, and in contrast to previous surveys, BCMV was not detected in plants at either location. Some plants were infected with PvEV1 and 2. The detection of PvEV1 and 2 suggests these seed transmitted viruses may be more prevalent in Eastern African bean germplasm than previously thought.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenomic Analysis of Plant Virus Occurrence in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Central Kenya

et al. 2018

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“…Pods of five seeds were put on the sliding surface one pod at a time gradually raising the surface until they started sliding down, then the angle was recorded. The coefficients of friction were calculated using (5) in which is the sliding angle (tilt angle) and is the static coefficient friction.…”

Section: Frictional Properties Of Common Beans Frictionalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is an herbaceous annual plant domesticated independently in ancient Mesoamerica and the Andes [1][2][3]. Different species of common beans are worldwide cultivated for their edible bean, popular as both dry and a green bean [4,5]. The common bean leaf is occasionally used as a leaf-vegetable and the straw is used for fodder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Selected Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Cultivated in Tanzania

Palilo

Majaja

Kichonge

2018

Journal of Engineering

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The physical and mechanical properties of foods are important, if not essential, in the design of suitable systems, machines, and structures for planting, harvesting, handling and processing of agro-products. Phaseolus vulgaris L. is a popular legume species that play an important role in human diet and among easily available sources of plant protein. However, despite its important roles, there is a lack of information on the physical and mechanical properties of common beans cultivated in Tanzania. The objective of this study was therefore focused on experimental determination of physical and mechanical properties for Uyole-96, Kablanketi, and Wanja, common beans cultivars grown in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania. Experimental results showed that the average length, width, and thickness were 19.96 mm, 8.97 mm, and 7.6 mm at a moisture content of 17.15% dry basis (db.), 13.92% db., and 14.64% db. for Uyole-96, Kablanketi, and Wanja, respectively. The results further show that the average mean diameters (D a ) were 10.93, 9.35, and 9.55 mm for Uyole-96, Kablanketi, and Wanja, respectively. The geometric mean diameters (D g ) were 9.66, 8.35, and 8.80 mm for Uyole-96, Kablanketi, and Wanja, respectively, whereas sphericity was found to be 53, 64, and 58% for the same types of beans. Repose angle measuremnts were experimentally determined as 40, 36, and 35 degrees for Uyole-96, Kablanketi, and Wanja, respectively. Weight for apparent density analysis was 709.27, 686.30, and 766.10 kg/m 3 for Uyole-96, Kablanketi, and Wanja, respectively, whereas the apparent densities were determined as 1142, 1158, and 1327 kg/m 3 , respectively, for the same types of beans. Results from the study showed that physical and mechanical properties for Uyole-96, Kablanketi, and Wanja differ significantly from other common beans cultivars cultivated in other countries. Data on physical and mechanical properties determined in this study establishes a convenient reference table for the mechanization and processing of Tanzanian common beans cultivars .

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“…CMV can cause serious epidemics in common bean crops (Morales, 2006;Jacquemond, 2012), as was seen in Northeastern USA in the early 21 st century . Introduced strains of CMV pose a potential novel threat in East Africa where common bean is a major food security crop, and where bean is already threatened by BCMV and BCMNV (Worrall et al, 2015;Mwaipopo et al, 2017;Mutuku et al, 2018;Wainaina et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different Plant Viruses Induce Changes in Feeding Behavior of Specialist and Generalist Aphids on Common Bean That Are Likely to Enhance Virus Transmission

et al. 2020

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Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV), and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) cause serious epidemics in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), a vital food security crop in many low-to-medium income countries, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. Aphids transmit these viruses "non-persistently," i.e., virions attach loosely to the insects' stylets. Viruses may manipulate aphid-host interactions to enhance transmission. We used direct observation and electrical penetration graph measurements to see if the three viruses induced similar or distinct changes in feeding behaviors of two aphid species, Aphis fabae and Myzus persicae. Both aphids vector BCMV, BCMNV, and CMV but A. fabae is a legume specialist (the dominant species in bean fields) while M. persicae is a generalist that feeds on and transmits viruses to diverse plant hosts. Aphids of both species commenced probing epidermal cells (behavior optimal for virus acquisition and inoculation) sooner on virus-infected plants than on mock-inoculated plants. Infection with CMV was especially disruptive of phloem feeding by the bean specialist aphid A. fabae. A. fabae also experienced mechanical stylet difficulty when feeding on virusinfected plants, and this was also exacerbated for M. persicae. Overall, feeding on virusinfected host plants by specialist and generalist aphids was affected in different ways but all three viruses induced similar effects on each aphid type. Specifically, non-specialist (M. persicae) aphids encountered increased stylet difficulties on plants infected with BCMV, BCMNV, or CMV, whereas specialist aphids (A. fabae) showed decreased phloem ingestion on infected plants. Probing and stylet pathway activity (which facilitate virus transmission) were not decreased by any of the viruses for either of the aphid species, except in the case of A. fabae on CMV-infected bean, where these activities were increased. Overall, these virus-induced changes in host-aphid interactions are likely to

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Viruses infecting common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Tanzania: A review on molecular characterization, detection and disease management options

Cited by 13 publications

References 69 publications

Metagenomic Analysis of Plant Virus Occurrence in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Central Kenya

Metagenomic Analysis of Plant Virus Occurrence in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Central Kenya

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Selected Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Cultivated in Tanzania

Different Plant Viruses Induce Changes in Feeding Behavior of Specialist and Generalist Aphids on Common Bean That Are Likely to Enhance Virus Transmission

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