Viruses in corals: hidden drivers of coral bleaching and disease?

Buerger, Patrick; Oppen, Madeleine Jh van

doi:10.1071/ma18004

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Our observations also evidenced the presence of filamentous structures, probably virus-like particles (VLPs), potentially involved in the collapsing of B. nutricula cells, whose features appeared similar to the single stranded RNA viruses previously described in Symbiodinium cells (Weynberg et al, 2017;Buerger and van Oppen, 2018). These authors indeed proposed that the cnidarian endosymbiont Symbiodinium harbors a lysogenic virus within its genome that would induce a lytic infection cycle under stressed conditions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Symbiont Chloroplasts Remain Active During Bleaching-Like Response Induced by Thermal Stress in Collozoum pelagicum (Collodaria, Retaria)

et al. 2018

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Collodaria (Retaria) are important contributors to planktonic communities and biogeochemical processes (e.g., the biologic pump) in oligotrophic oceans. Similarly to corals, Collodaria live in symbiosis with dinoflagellate algae, a relationship that is thought to explain partly their ecological success. In the context of global change, the robustness of the symbiotic interaction, and potential subsequent bleaching events are of primary interest for oceanic ecosystems functioning. In the present study, we compared the ultrastructure, morphology, symbiont density, photosynthetic capacities and respiration rates of colonial Collodaria exposed to a range of temperatures corresponding to natural conditions (21 • C), moderate (25 • C), and high (28 • C) thermal stress. We showed that symbiont density immediately decreased when temperature rose to 25 • C, while the overall Collodaria holobiont metabolic activity increased. When temperature reached 28 • C, the holobiont respiration nearly stopped and the host morphological structure was largely damaged, as if the host tolerance threshold has been crossed. Over the course of the experiment, the photosynthetic capacities of remaining algal symbionts were stable, chloroplasts being the last degraded organelles in the microalgae. These results contribute to a better characterization and understanding of temperature-induced bleaching processes in planktonic photosymbioses.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Symbiont Chloroplasts Remain Active During Bleaching-Like Response Induced by Thermal Stress in Collozoum pelagicum (Collodaria, Retaria)

et al. 2018

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“…Solid arrows indicate relatively well‐described resource interactions, and dashed lines represent interactions that are still largely unexplored. The red line indicates the next logical step for research into metabolic interactions of the coral holobiont (Wang and Douglas, , Amend et al ., , Thompson et al ., , Bourne et al ., , Ainsworth et al ., , Buerger and van Oppen, , Hillyer et al ., , Lawson et al ., , Matthews et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symbiodiniaceae‐bacteria interactions: rethinking metabolite exchange in reef‐building corals as multi‐partner metabolic networks

Matthews

Raina

Kahlke

et al. 2020

Environmental Microbiology

111

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Summary The intimate relationship between scleractinian corals and their associated microorganisms is fundamental to healthy coral reef ecosystems. Coral‐associated microbes (Symbiodiniaceae and other protists, bacteria, archaea, fungi and viruses) support coral health and resilience through metabolite transfer, inter‐partner signalling, and genetic exchange. However, much of our understanding of the coral holobiont relationship has come from studies that have investigated either coral‐Symbiodiniaceae or coral‐bacteria interactions in isolation, while relatively little research has focused on other ecological and metabolic interactions potentially occurring within the coral multi‐partner symbiotic network. Recent evidences of intimate coupling between phytoplankton and bacteria have demonstrated that obligate resource exchange between partners fundamentally drives their ecological success. Here, we posit that similar associations with bacterial consortia regulate Symbiodiniaceae productivity and are in turn central to the health of corals. Indeed, we propose that this bacteria‐Symbiodiniaceae‐coral relationship underpins the coral holobiont's nutrition, stress tolerance and potentially influences the future survival of coral reef ecosystems under changing environmental conditions. Resolving Symbiodiniaceae‐bacteria associations is therefore a logical next step towards understanding the complex multi‐partner interactions occurring in the coral holobiont.

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“…The characteristics of these dominant VLPs and their existence at multiple sampling time points led Patten et al [30] to assume that the colony of the Acropora muricata is suffering from persistent infection of Phycodnaviridae and/or Iridoviridae. Buerger et al [132] described the degradation of Symbiodinium cells and linked this to the abundance of VLPs in the coral. Table 2 shows the coral-related viruses reported in the reef ecosystem.…”

Section: Coral Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phages may go through the horizontal transfer of virulence genes, increasing the virulence of the infected bacterium, which then causes coral diseases. In addition, bacteriophages may infect and lyse pathogenic bacteria, reduce the impact of disease and become a part of the coral microbiome, or reduce the external influences from the overall organism of the coral, for instance, manual application in phage therapy [132]. Wood-Charlson et al [46] have discovered Phycodnaviridae, Marnaviridae and Alvernaviridae, which were the best characterized group of algal viruses, via metagenomic studies [149,150].…”

Section: Coral Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Marine Viruses in Coral Ecosystem

Ambalavanan

Iehata

Fletcher

et al. 2021

JMSE

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Coral reefs are among the most biodiverse biological systems on earth. Corals are classified as marine invertebrates and filter the surrounding food and other particles in seawater, including pathogens such as viruses. Viruses act as both pathogen and symbiont for metazoans. Marine viruses that are abundant in the ocean are mostly single-, double stranded DNA and single-, double stranded RNA viruses. These discoveries were made via advanced identification methods which have detected their presence in coral reef ecosystems including PCR analyses, metagenomic analyses, transcriptomic analyses and electron microscopy. This review discusses the discovery of viruses in the marine environment and their hosts, viral diversity in corals, presence of virus in corallivorous fish communities in reef ecosystems, detection methods, and occurrence of marine viral communities in marine sponges.

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Viruses in corals: hidden drivers of coral bleaching and disease?

Cited by 9 publications

References 31 publications

Symbiont Chloroplasts Remain Active During Bleaching-Like Response Induced by Thermal Stress in Collozoum pelagicum (Collodaria, Retaria)

Symbiont Chloroplasts Remain Active During Bleaching-Like Response Induced by Thermal Stress in Collozoum pelagicum (Collodaria, Retaria)

Symbiodiniaceae‐bacteria interactions: rethinking metabolite exchange in reef‐building corals as multi‐partner metabolic networks

A Review of Marine Viruses in Coral Ecosystem

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