Viruses Causing Apple Topworking Disease (Taka Tsugi Byo) in Japan

Yanase, H.; Sawamura, Kimiko; Mink, G. I.; Yamaguchi, A.

doi:10.17660/actahortic.1975.44.35

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV) is widespread in commercial apple cultivars which are symptomlessly infected, unless they are grafted on sensitive rootstocks [18]. Symptoms consisting of pitting of the woody cylinder, or epinasty and decline, develop in some ornamental Malus species and in Virigina Crab and Spy 222 indicators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Symptoms consisting of pitting of the woody cylinder, or epinasty and decline, develop in some ornamental Malus species and in Virigina Crab and Spy 222 indicators. Moreover, a close relationship was reported between ASPV and the causal agent of necrotic spot and vein yellows diseases of pear [5,7,8,17,18]. The identity of the two agents was proven by back transmissions to apple and pear [10] and by comparative characterization of a large number of viral isolates from Europe [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Foveavirus, a new plant virus genus

Martelli¹,

Wilhelm

1998

Arch. Virol.

100

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Foveavirus is a novel genus of plant viruses with helically constructed filamentous particles ca. 800 nm long, typified by apple stem pitting virus (ASPV). Virions do not contain lipids or carbohydrates, have a positive sense, single-stranded, polyadenylated RNA genome 8.4 to 9.3 kb in size, and a single type of coat protein with a size of 28 to 44 kDa. The genome of definitive viral species is made up of five ORFs encoding respectively, the replication-related proteins (ORF 1), the putative movement proteins (ORF 2 to 4, constituting the triple block gene), and the coat protein (ORF 5). Virions accumulate in the cytoplasm, where replication is likely to occur with a strategy comparable to that of potexviruses, based on direct expression of the 5'-proximal ORF, and expression of downstream ORFs through subgenomic RNAs. No vector is known. Virus transmission is by grafting, and dispersal is through infected propagating material. The genome structure and organization (i.e., number and order of genes) closely resembles that of the genera Potexvirus, Carlavirus and Allexvirus, but ORF 1 and the coat protein cistron (ASPV only) are significantly larger.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foveavirus, a new plant virus genus

Martelli¹,

Wilhelm

1998

Arch. Virol.

100

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“…Hence, the only effective way to prevent viral spread in perennial plants is through the use of virus-free planting material via indexing of scion wood and rootstocks using robust, timely and precise detection methods [ 19 , 20 ]. Diagnostic assays play an important role in the detection of plant viruses through their spatial and temporal distribution or selected expression in symptomatic, as well as asymptomatic, host plants [ 21 , 22 ]. Although DAS-ELISA and symptomatic visualization can help in the detection of viruses, a low titer of virus combined with a limitation to certain time period in the growing season can give false results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue and Time Optimization for Real-Time Detection of Apple Mosaic Virus and Apple Necrotic Mosaic Virus Associated with Mosaic Disease of Apple (Malus domestica)

Nabi

Mir

Yasmin

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Besides apple mosaic virus (ApMV), apple necrotic mosaic virus (ApNMV) has also been found to be associated with apple mosaic disease. Both viruses are unevenly distributed throughout the plant and their titer decreases variably with high temperatures, hence requiring proper tissue and time for early and real-time detection within plants. The present study was carried out to understand the distribution and titer of ApMV and ApNMV in apple trees from different plant parts (spatial) during different seasons (temporal) for the optimization of tissue and time for their timely detection. The Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and Reverse Transcription-quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) was carried out to detect and quantify both viruses in the various plant parts of apple trees during different seasons. Depending on the availability of tissue, both ApMV and ApNMV were detected in all the plant parts during the spring season using RT-PCR. During the summer, both viruses were detected only in seeds and fruits, whereas they were detected in leaves and pedicel during the autumn season. The RT-qPCR results showed that during the spring, the ApMV and ApNMV expression was higher in leaves, whereas in the summer and autumn, the titer was mostly detected in seeds and leaves, respectively. The leaves in the spring and autumn seasons and the seeds in the summer season can be used as detection tissues through RT-PCR for early and rapid detection of ApMV and ApNMV. This study was validated on 7 cultivars of apples infected with both viruses. This will help to accurately sample and index the planting material well ahead of time, which will aid in the production of virus-free, quality planting material.

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“…However, In Japan, this virus is one of the causative agents of topworking disease and induces lethal decline in apple trees grown on Maruba kaido (Malus prunifolia var. ringo) rootstocks (Yanase, 1974). Other severe symptoms of stone fruit trees in Europe caused by ACLSV including bark split and pseudopox in plum, bark split in cherry, pseudopox and graft incompatibility in apricot and ring pattern mosaic in pear (Dunez et al, 1972;Desvignes & Boyé, 1989;Cieślińska et al, 1995;Jelkmann & Kunze, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%