Viruses and other infections in stillbirth: what is the evidence and what should we be doing?

Rawlinson, William D.; Hall, Beverly A.; Jones, Cheryl; Jeffery, Heather; Arbuckle, Susan; Graf, Nicole; Howard, Jonathan; Morris, Jonathan M.

doi:10.1080/00313020701813792

Cited by 47 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 160 publications

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“…Moreover, intrauterine infections also occur and can result in chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, microcephaly or macrocephaly, mental retardation, and fetal death (Barton and Hyndman 2000;Jahrling and Peters 1992;Mets and Chhabra 2008;Rawlinson et al 2008). Since 1955, 54 cases of congenital LCMV have been reported, with 34 of the cases diagnosed since 1993 (Jamieson et al 2006).…”

Section: Lymphocytic Choriomeningitismentioning

confidence: 98%

Rodent-borne diseases and their risks for public health

Meerburg¹,

Singleton²,

Kijlstra³

2009

Critical Reviews in Microbiology

812

722

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Rodents are the most abundant and diversified order of living mammals in the world. Already since the Middle Ages we know that they can contribute to human disease, as black rats were associated with distribution of plague. However, also in modern times rodents form a threat for public health. In this review article a large number of pathogens that are directly or indirectly transmitted by rodents are described. Moreover, a simplified rodent disease model is discussed.

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Section: Lymphocytic Choriomeningitismentioning

confidence: 98%

Rodent-borne diseases and their risks for public health

Meerburg¹,

Singleton²,

Kijlstra³

2009

Critical Reviews in Microbiology

812

722

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“…Intrauterine infections may occur and result in chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, microcephaly or macrocephaly, mental retardation, and fetal death [16,22,36]. Chronically infected laboratory and companion mice and hamsters, in addition to wild house mice (Mus musculus), are considered to be the primary sources of LCMV infection in humans, and acquired via exposure to rodent excreta [9,6,4,1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis, Ljungan and orthopoxvirus seroconversions in patients hospitalized due to acute Puumala hantavirus infection

Fevola

Forbes

Mäkelä

et al. 2016

Journal of Clinical Virology

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a b s t r a c tBackground: The emergence and re-emergence of zoonotic and vector-borne diseases are increasing in Europe. Prominent rodent-borne zoonotic viruses include Puumala hantavirus (PUUV; the causative agent of nephropathia epidemica, NE), lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), and orthopoxviruses (OPV). In addition, Ljungan virus (LV) is considered a potentially zoonotic virus. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare clinical picture between acute PUUV patients with and without additional rodent-borne viral infections, to investigate if concurrent infections influence disease severity. Study design: We evaluated seroprevalence of and seroconversions to LCMV, LV and OPV in 116 patients hospitalized for NE. Clinical and laboratory variables were closely monitored during hospital care. Results: A total of five LCMV, 15 LV, and one OPV seroconversions occurred. NE patients with LCMV seroconversions were younger, and had lower plasma creatinine concentrations and platelet counts than patients without LCMV seroconversions. No differences occurred in clinical or laboratory findings between patients with and without seroconversions to LV and OPV. We report, for the first time, LCMV seroprevalence in Finland, with 8.5% of NE patients seropositive for this virus. Seroprevalences for LV and OPV were 47.8% and 32.4%, respectively. Conclusion: Cases with LCMV seroconversions were statistically younger, had milder acute kidney injury and more severe thrombocytopenia than patients without LCMV. However, the low number of seroconversion cases precludes firm conclusions. Concurrent LV or OPV infections do not appear to influence clinical picture for NE patients.

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“…In Australia, as in other developed countries, approximately 40-50% of stillbirths are of unknown etiology [30,31] , and therefore, more intensive testing for viral agents is necessary. A German study of 1,018 acute parvovirus B19-infected pregnancies, 579 !20 weeks (57%) and 439 120 weeks (43%) describes that risk of fetal death is greater with early infection, resulting in death after 4-8 weeks for 64/579 (11%) and 27 (4.7%) had hydrops [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy Loss Ascribable to Parvovirus B19/Erythrovirus Is Associated with a High Prevalence of Trisomy

Carlsen

Beck

Bagger

et al. 2010

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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Introduction: In most cases of stillbirth, the cause is still unknown. Aim: The impact of parvovirus B19/erythrovirus infection and chromosomal abnormalities in stillborns and neonatal deaths. Material and Methods: 57 consecutive cases, 23 second-trimester abortions (from gestational weeks 16 to 22), 27 intrauterine fetal deaths (from gestational week 22 onwards) and 7 early neonatal deaths were examined for intrauterine parvovirus B19 infection with PCR, dot blot, Southern blot, in situ hybridization, specific IgM and IgG antibodies in maternal serum, fetal serum, placenta and fetal liver tissue. Chromosomal analysis and extensive histopathology were performed on all fetuses. Results: A sensitive PCR was developed and enabled detection of 9 (15.8%) parvovirus B19-infected fetuses. Parvovirus B19 IgM and IgG antibody tests were in good concordance with PCR findings. 5 of 9 infected fetuses had a concurrent abnormality that could have contributed to fetal death, 4 of which (44%) were trisomy karyotypes, compared to 0/48 in the non-B19-infected group (p = 0.0004). Conclusion: Combination of PCR and specific parvovirus B19 IgG/IgM tests enabled high detection rates of parvovirus B19 infection in this series of 57 consecutive pregnancies with adverse outcomes. The high mortality rate in the B19-infected fetuses was partly explained by a high occurrence of fetal trisomy, compared to non-B19-infected fetuses, suggesting a higher vulnerability of the former. After correction for this concomitant karyotype abnormality, the percentage of presumably lethal infection due to parvovirus B19 was 8.8%.

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Viruses and other infections in stillbirth: what is the evidence and what should we be doing?

Cited by 47 publications

References 160 publications

Rodent-borne diseases and their risks for public health

Rodent-borne diseases and their risks for public health

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis, Ljungan and orthopoxvirus seroconversions in patients hospitalized due to acute Puumala hantavirus infection

Pregnancy Loss Ascribable to Parvovirus B19/Erythrovirus Is Associated with a High Prevalence of Trisomy

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