Viruses and marine pollution

Danovaro, Roberto; Armeni, Monica; Corinaldesi, Cinzia; Ma, Mei

doi:10.1016/s0025-326x(02)00461-7

Cited by 36 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…However, it is also likely that some losses due to viral attacks occurred. This was not measured in this study, but the importance of viruses on the carbon fluxes has been shown to increase with eutrophication (Weinbauer et al 1993;Danovaro et al 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Changes in the pelagic microbial food web due to artificial eutrophication

et al. 2006

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The effect of nutrient enrichment on the structure and carbon flow in the pelagic microbial food web was studied in mesocosm experiments using seawater from the northern Baltic Sea. The experiments included food webs of at least four trophic levels; (1) phytoplanktonbacteria, (2) flagellates, (3) ciliates and (4) mesozooplankton. In the enriched treatments high autotrophic growth rates were observed, followed by increased heterotrophic production. The largest growth increase was due to heterotrophic bacteria, indicating that the heterotrophic microbial food web was promoted. This was further supported by increased growth of heterotrophic flagellates and ciliates in the high nutrient treatments. The phytoplankton peak in the middle of the experiments was mainly due to an autotrophic nanoflagellate, Pyramimonas sp. At the end of the experiment, the proportion of heterotrophic organisms was higher in the nutrient enriched than in the nutrient-poor treatment, indicating increased predation control of primary producers. The proportion of potentially mixotrophic plankton, prymnesiophyceans, chrysophyceans and dinophyceans, were significantly higher in the nutrient-poor treatment. Furthermore, the results indicated that the food web efficiency, defined as mesozooplankton production per basal production (primary production + bacterial production -sedimentation), decreased with increasing nutrient status, possibly due to increasing loss processes in the food web. This could be explained by promotion of the heterotrophic microbial food web, causing more trophic levels and respiration steps in the food web.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Changes in the pelagic microbial food web due to artificial eutrophication

et al. 2006

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“…In such ecosystems, the relaxation of stoichiometric constraints on pathogen infection and proliferation would be expected to contribute to more frequent and intense pathogen epidemics in lacustrine zooplankton communities. Eutrophication has been suggested to be an important driver of elevated parasitic infections in amphibians (Johnson and Chase 2004) and has been found to influence a wide variety of other aquatic host-pathogen systems (Barber et al 2001, Danovaro et al 2003, Limpens et al 2003. Our results show host and pathogen nutrition may contribute to these relationships between infectious disease epidemics and excessive nutrient loading in aquatic ecosystems, which is a widespread and pervasive problem for both inland and coastal waters (Carpenter et al 1998, Smith 2003, Schindler 2006.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of a Bacterial Pathogen to Phosphorus Limitation of Its Aquatic Invertebrate Host

Frost

Ebert

Smith

2008

Ecology

107

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Abstract. Host nutrition is thought to affect the establishment, persistence, and severity of pathogenic infections. Nutrient-deficient foods possibly benefit pathogens by constraining host immune function or benefit hosts by limiting parasite growth and reproduction. However, the effects of poor elemental food quality on a host's susceptibility to infection and disease have received little study. Here we show that the bacterial microparasite Pasteuria ramosa is affected by the elemental nutrition of its aquatic invertebrate host, Daphnia magna. We found that high food carbon : phosphorus (C:P) ratios significantly reduced infection rates of Pasteuria in Daphnia and led to lower within-host pathogen multiplication. In addition, greater virulent effects of bacterial infection on host reproduction were found in Daphniaconsuming P-deficient food. Poor Daphnia elemental nutrition thus reduced the growth and reproduction of its bacterial parasite, Pasteuria. The effects of poor host nutrition on the pathogen were further evidenced by Pasteuria's greater inhibition of reproduction in P-limited Daphnia. Our results provide strong evidence that elemental food quality can significantly influence the incidence and intensity of infectious disease in invertebrate hosts.

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“…In recent years, several studies investigating viral pollution in surface waters have been carried out on both river and coastal waters of Italy (45,46,47,48,49,50,51). In contrast, only a few recent investigations have been performed using detailed serotyping of enterovirus strains in Italian wastewaters (32,33,34,52) compared to a higher number of similar studies reported from other countries (53,54,55,56,57,58).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%