Viruses and Endocrine Diseases

Nekoua, Magloire Pandoua; Debuysschere, Cyril; Vergez, Inès; Morvan, Corentin; Mbani, Chaldam Jespere; Sané, Famara; Alidjinou, Enagnon Kazali; Hober, Didier

doi:10.3390/microorganisms11020361

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 176 publications

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“…Prior studies found reduced GH secretion in both acute and post‐acute COVID‐19 patients. 11 , 12 We recently discovered that subjects with neurologic PASC symptoms at least 6 months after initial infection had reduced average groupwise GH secretion compared with individuals who recovered from COVID–19 without lingering symptoms. 13 The neurologic PASC symptoms of fatigue and brain fog coupled with reduced GH secretion mirror the symptom etiology seen in BIAFAC patients following TBI who have profound improvement in neurologic symptoms with GH treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…COVID‐19 is associated with metabolic and hormonal disturbance to multiple organs and systems. 8 , 9 , 10 Altered pituitary function, including reduced plasma growth hormone (GH) has been observed in acute 11 and post‐acute periods. 12 We recently discovered that reduced GH secretion persisted in individuals with neurologic PASC symptoms more than 6 months after initial infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth hormone treatment for neurologic symptoms of post‐acute sequelae of COVID‐19

Wright,

Sheffield‐Moore,

Pyles

et al. 2024

Clinical Translational Sci

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Following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, some patients develop lingering neurologic symptoms of post‐acute sequelae of COVID‐19 (PASC) that commonly include fatigue and “brain fog.” PASC symptoms are also linked with reduced growth hormone (GH) secretion, but GH treatment has not been tested to relieve symptoms. We enrolled 13 adults with neurologic PASC symptoms and peak stimulated GH secretion less than 10 ng/mL (glucagon stimulation) in a pilot study to receive 9 months of daily GH injections and an additional 3 months of off‐treatment assessment. We compared peak stimulated GH secretion at baseline and 12 months and assessed measures of cognition, metabolism, body composition, and physical performance over the first 6 months of treatment. Patient‐reported outcomes of fatigue, quality of life, sleep, and mood were recorded at baseline and compared with timepoints at 6, 9, and 12 months. GH treatment was associated with significantly improved scores for Brief Fatigue Inventory, Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory, Quality of Life Assessment of Growth Hormone Deficiency in Adults, Profile of Mood States, and Beck Depression Inventory‐II, with no significant change in Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Six months of adjunct GH treatment was not associated with significant changes in cognition, body composition, resting energy expenditure, or physical performance. Peak stimulated GH secretion was not altered at 12 months following 9 months of GH treatment. GH treatment significantly improved neurologic symptoms in PASC patients but cognition, sleep, and physical performance were not significantly altered.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth hormone treatment for neurologic symptoms of post‐acute sequelae of COVID‐19

Wright,

Sheffield‐Moore,

Pyles

et al. 2024

Clinical Translational Sci

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“…Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2 belong to the coronavirus family [42]. The principal receptor for SARS-CoV-2, ACE2, manifests a ubiquitous expression across the cellular landscape of endocrine organs, notably prominent in the pancreatic and thyroid tissues [43,44].…”

Section: Covid-19 and Hypothalamic-pituitary Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several viruses, including Enteroviruses, Herpes Simplex virus, and Varicella-Zoster virus, have been associated with hypophysitis [42].…”

Section: Pathophysiology Of Hypopituitarismmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Growing Understanding of the Pituitary Implication in the Pathogenesis of Long COVID-19 Syndrome: A Narrative Review

Taieb,

Nassim,

Asma

et al. 2024

ARM

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Long COVID-19, also known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, is a condition where individuals who have recovered from the acute phase of COVID-19 continue to experience a range of symptoms for weeks or even months afterward. While it was initially thought to primarily affect the respiratory system, it has become clear that Long COVID-19 can involve various organs and systems, including the endocrine system, which includes the pituitary gland. In the context of Long COVID-19, there is a growing understanding of the potential implications for the pituitary gland. The virus can directly affect the pituitary gland, leading to abnormalities in hormone production and regulation. This can result in symptoms such as fatigue, changes in appetite, and mood disturbances. Long COVID-19, the persistent and often debilitating condition following acute COVID-19 infection, may be explained by deficiencies in ACTH and Growth hormone production from the pituitary gland. Corticotropin insufficiency can result in the dysregulation of the body’s stress response and can lead to prolonged feelings of stress, fatigue, and mood disturbances in Long COVID-19 patients. Simultaneously, somatotropin insufficiency can affect growth, muscle function, and energy metabolism, potentially causing symptoms such as muscle weakness, exercise intolerance, and changes in body composition. Recently, some authors have suggested the involvement of the pituitary gland in Post COVID-19 Syndrome. The exact mechanisms of viral action on infected cells remain under discussion, but inflammatory and autoimmune mechanisms are primarily implicated. The aim of our study will be to review the main pituitary complications following COVID-19 infection. Moreover, we will explain the possible involvement of the pituitary gland in the persistence of Post COVID-19 Syndrome.

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“…In most of the organs, SARS‐CoV‐2 infection results in destabilisation of the host cellular immune response and release of proinflammatory cytokines, dysregulated production of inflammatory cells, endothelial dysfunction, and coagulation abnormalities (Table 1). 20–43 It has been long known that upon infection, host cells produce miRNAs to counter viral attacks by regulating the host‐immune response 44,45 . Moreover, viruses also transcribe miRNAs that may interfere with the host‐cellular defence system 45 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentially‐regulated miRNAs in COVID‐19: A systematic review

Ahmad

Gull

Baby

et al. 2023

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for coronavirus disease of 2019 that infected more than 760 million people worldwide with over 6.8 million deaths to date. COVID-19 is one of the most challenging diseases of our times due to the nature of its spread, its effect on multiple organs, and an inability to predict disease prognosis, ranging from being completely asymptomatic to death. Upon infection, SARS-CoV-2 alters the host immune response by changing host-transcriptional machinery. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are regarded as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression that can be perturbed by invading viruses. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have reported such dysregulation of host miRNA expression upon SARS-CoV-2 infection. Some of this could occur as an anti-viral response of the host to the viral infection. Viruses themselves can counteract that response by mounting their own pro-viral response that facilitates virus infection, an aspect which may cause pathogenesis. Thus, miRNAs could serve as possible disease biomarkers in infected people. In the current review, we have summarised and analysed the existing data about miRNA dysregulation in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 to determine their concordance between studies, and identified those that could serve as potential biomarkers during infection, disease progression, and death, even in people with other comorbidities. Having such biomarkers can be vital in not only predicting prognosis, but also the development of novel miRNA-based anti-virals and Abbreviations: 3 0 UTR, 3 0 untranslated regions; 5 0 UTR, 5 0

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Viruses and Endocrine Diseases

Cited by 5 publications

References 176 publications

Growth hormone treatment for neurologic symptoms of post‐acute sequelae of COVID‐19

Growth hormone treatment for neurologic symptoms of post‐acute sequelae of COVID‐19

The Growing Understanding of the Pituitary Implication in the Pathogenesis of Long COVID-19 Syndrome: A Narrative Review

Differentially‐regulated miRNAs in COVID‐19: A systematic review

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