Viruses

Williams, Trevor

doi:10.1002/9781119256106.ch7

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 404 publications

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“…The initial drop in the efficacy of ENTOSTAT-TiO 2 formulated virus during the first hour of UV exposure, is most likely due to denaturing of virus that was on not fully encapsulated, whilst subsequent long-term persistence was probably due to virus that was completely encapsulated with the wax. The results from both the slide and plant systems show that the half-lives for non-formulated virus and commercial formulation fall within the reported persistence values of about 24 h in continuous simulated sunlight, and within the half-lives of 1–7 days reported in the field, depending on sunlight intensity and the degree of crop shading 2 , 6 , 20 , 46 . The results from the ENTOSTAT-formulated virus are very promising as no previously reported studies using a baculovirus formulation have demonstrated anything approaching this degree of UV-stability.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

A novel formulation technology for baculoviruses protects biopesticide from degradation by ultraviolet radiation

Wilson

Grzywacz

Curcic

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Biopesticides are biological pest control agents that are viewed as safer alternatives to the synthetic chemicals that dominate the global insecticide market. A major constraint on the wider adoption of biopesticides is their susceptibility to the ultraviolet (UV: 290-400 nm) radiation in sunlight, which limits their persistence and efficacy. Here, we describe a novel formulation technology for biopesticides in which the active ingredient (baculovirus) is micro-encapsulated in an ENTOSTAT wax combined with a UV absorbant (titanium dioxide, TiO 2). Importantly, this capsule protects the sensitive viral DNA from degrading in sunlight, but dissolves in the alkaline insect gut to release the virus, which then infects and kills the pest. We show, using simulated sunlight, in both laboratory bioassays and trials on cabbage and tomato plants, that this can extend the efficacy of the biopesticide well beyond the few hours of existing virus formulations, potentially increasing the spray interval and/or reducing the need for high application rates. The new formulation has a shelf-life at 30 °C of at least 6 months, which is comparable to standard commercial biopesticides and has no phytotoxic effect on the host plants. Taken together, these findings suggest that the new formulation technology could reduce the costs and increase the efficacy of baculovirus biopesticides, with the potential to make them commercially competitive alternatives to synthetic chemicals. Baculoviruses are dsDNA viruses that infect insects and have, since the 1980s, been used in crop protection as commercial biological insecticides 1,2. Baculoviruses are seen as attractive biological control agents against insect crop pests for many reasons: they have a long and detailed history of research, so basic knowledge of their taxonomy, biology and pathogenicity is available 3 ; they have an established profile of safety and environmental acceptability 4 ; they are highly efficacious pathogens of some of the world's most important crop pests, such as the various Heliothis / Helicoverpa species, Spodoptera spp. and Plutella xylostella 5 ; and, finally, their use as biological pesticides is feasible because commercially-viable mass production systems are well advanced for many baculoviruses 6. These factors have motivated the establishment of a growing commercial production of baculovirus insecticides in the Americas, Europe, Asia, Australasia and Africa 5,7. Moreover, biopesticides are now seen as a major candidate for replacing the many chemical pesticides that have been, and continue to be, withdrawn from the market due to safety concerns 5,8 , and/or where the insect pests have developed resistance to conventional chemical pesticides 9. Baculovirus products, however, still represent only a $50-70 million per annum sector of a global biopesticides market estimated to be worth $2.8 billion dollars a year 10. While a number of factors have been identified as restricting the adoption and expansion of the use of baculovirus biopesticides by growers 5 , a centr...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

A novel formulation technology for baculoviruses protects biopesticide from degradation by ultraviolet radiation

Wilson

Grzywacz

Curcic

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…However, the hydrogen peroxides from one or more amino acids produced by UV radiation can reduce the vitality of baculovirus (Arora and Shera 2014). In viruses containing the dsRNA genome, UV radiation may result in the accumulation of uracil dimers (Williams 2017). UV radiation damages the viral genomes and capsid proteins (Eischeid and Linden 2011;Sigstam et al 2013).…”

Section: Uv Radiation and Its Potential Effect On Baculovirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This exposure period is high in tropical regions and at higher altitudes, whereas it decreases with an increase in latitude. In temperate regions, there are variations in UV light due to cloud cover and precipitation (Williams 2017). The amount of shade provided by upper layers of plant parts or adjacent plants could reduce the exposure of OBs to solar UV rays (Maramorosch 2012).…”

Section: Uv Radiation and Its Potential Effect On Baculovirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: The effect and possible mitigation of UV radiation on baculoviruses as bioinsecticides

Anggraini

HONG²,

VADAMALAI³

et al. 2022

Biodiversitas

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Abstract. Anggraini E, Lau WH, Vadamalai G, Kong LL, Mat M. 2022. Review: The effect and possible mitigation of UV radiation on baculoviruses as bioinsecticides. Biodiversitas 23: 3721-3735. Indiscriminate use of pesticides has raised concerns over environmental and human health issues. A more environmentally-friendly biological approach to control insect pests is gaining importance. For decades, bioinsecticides based on viruses have been used to protect crops and forests. The viruses belonging to the Baculoviridae family are known to infect insect pests, and hence can be used as biopesticides. Baculoviruses are mostly specific to the host and are not lethal to the non-target organism. However, their usage is limited for field application due to a slow kill speed and sensitivity towards UV irradiation. This review paper discusses the life cycle of baculoviruses, their mode of infection and transmission as well as the influence of UV radiation on the effectiveness of baculoviral insecticides for field application.

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“…The newly produced virions are then transmitted to other host tissues within the hemocoel, where they replicate in secondary and subsequent rounds until virtually all host cells are infected. OBs are formed in the late phases of replication and released upon host death 4,5 . Outside their host, NPVs persist inactive as mature OBs until subsequent infections in the larval stages of new hosts occur 6–8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel use of Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae) as inoculative agent of baculoviruses

Gutiérrez-Cárdenas

Adán

Medina

et al. 2023

Pest Management Science

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BackgroundAlphabaculoviruses are Lepidoptera‐specific virulent pathogens that infect numerous pests, including the Spodoptera complex. Due to their low environmental persistence, the traditional use of Alphabaculoviruses as bioinsecticides consist in high‐rate spray applications with repeated treatments. Several abiotic and biotic factors can foster its dispersion, promoting their persistence in the agroecosystem. Amongst biotic factors, predatory arthropods can disperse the viruses by excretion after preying on infected individuals. Therefore, this study focused on promoting predator's ingestion of nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV)‐treated diets, and the later exposition of the insect host to leaf surfaces contaminated with predator excreta. The virus–host–predator system studied was Spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpliNPV), Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) and Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter). The infective potential of N. tenuis feces and the retention time of SpliNPV were assessed under laboratory conditions after feeding on treated diets (sucrose solution and Ephestia kuehniella eggs).ResultsMortality of S. littoralis larvae was lower via N. tenuis excretion than in positive control (spray application) in the first infection cycle, together with a delay in host death. In the second infection cycle, both SpliNPV‐treated diets triggered 100% mortality. Both diets allowed the transmission of SpliNPV, with a faster excretion via sucrose solution compared to E. kuehniella eggs. SpliNPV remained in N. tenuis digestive tract and was viable after excretion at least for 9 days for both diets.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated the potential of the predator N. tenuis as inoculative agent of baculoviruses, representing a new alternative that, along with inundative applications, might contribute to improve pest management strategies. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

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Viruses

Cited by 9 publications

References 404 publications

A novel formulation technology for baculoviruses protects biopesticide from degradation by ultraviolet radiation

A novel formulation technology for baculoviruses protects biopesticide from degradation by ultraviolet radiation

Review: The effect and possible mitigation of UV radiation on baculoviruses as bioinsecticides

A novel use of Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae) as inoculative agent of baculoviruses

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