Virus Sensitivity Index of UV disinfection

Tang, Walter Z.; Sillanpää, Mika

doi:10.1080/09593330.2014.994040

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Moreover, a very high dose (1 J/cm 2 ) of UV irradiation could not completely inactivate SMV1. Plaque assays suggested a 100% inactivation of SMV1 by the high (1-J/cm 2 ) UV irradiation dose and 98% inactivation by a lower UV irradiation dose (40 mJ/cm 2 , the European standard for the inactivation of most pathogens [31]). However, incubation of 50 ml ⌬C1C2 cells with 100 l of the high-dose UV-treated virus suspension resulted in the production of infectious SMV1 particles at 6 hpi, and a virus titer of 10 3 PFU/ml was observed by plaque assay at 8 to 10 hpi (data not shown).…”

Section: Smv1 Exhibits Three Distinct Association Modes Very Little mentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Characterization of Sulfolobus Monocaudavirus 1, an Extremophilic Spindle-Shaped Virus with Extracellular Tail Development

Uldahl

Jensen

Bhoobalan-Chitty

et al. 2016

J Virol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We provide here, for the first time, insights into the initial infection stages of a large spindle-shaped archaeal virus and explore the following life cycle events. Our observations suggest that Sulfolobus monocaudavirus 1 (SMV1) exhibits a high adsorption rate and that virions adsorb to the host cells via three distinct attachment modes: nosecone association, body association, and body/tail association. In the body/tail association mode, the entire virion, including the tail(s), aligns to the host cell surface and the main body is greatly flattened, suggesting a possible fusion entry mechanism. Upon infection, the intracellular replication cycle lasts about 8 h, at which point the virions are released as spindle-shaped tailless particles. Replication of the virus retarded host growth but did not cause lysis of the host cells. Once released from the host and at temperatures resembling that of its natural habitat, SMV1 starts developing one or two tails. This exceptional property of undergoing a major morphological development outside, and independently of, the host cell has been reported only once before for the related Acidianus two-tailed virus. Here, we show that SMV1 can develop tails of more than 900 nm in length, more than quadrupling the total virion length. IMPORTANCE Very little is known about the initial life cycle stages of viruses infecting hosts of the third domain of life,Archaea. This work describes the first example of an archaeal virus employing three distinct association modes. The virus under study, Sulfolobus monocaudavirus 1, is a representative of the large spindle-shaped viruses that are frequently found in acidic hot springs. The results described here will add valuable knowledge about Archaea, the least studied domain in the virology field.A rchaeal viruses constitute an integral part of the virosphere, and they are a ubiquitous feature of archaeal existence. Many Archaea are recognized as extremophiles, inhabiting extreme environments such as hot springs and solar salterns in high abundance (1, 2). Thus, viruses infecting extremophilic Archaea can be considered key players in the complex population dynamics in these environments. Through host infection, viruses can influence microbial diversity by introducing genetic variation, affect host cell physiology, and directly kill their hosts by cell lysis (3, 4). However, we have only a rudimentary understanding of archaeal virus-host interactions. Much of the limited knowledge that we do have comes from studying the virus-host interplay in Sulfolobales species. Of the about 100 isolated archaeal viruses, more than 30% infect hyperthermophilic Sulfolobales hosts (5-7). Among these viruses, distinct characteristics are found: unique bottle, droplet, and spindle shapes; extracellular virion development; and unique proteins with unknown functions (8). These distinctive characteristics are likely to influence the interplay with their hosts and give rise to unique life cycle traits. This has proven true for the rodshaped Sulfolobus virus ...

show abstract

Section: Smv1 Exhibits Three Distinct Association Modes Very Little mentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Characterization of Sulfolobus Monocaudavirus 1, an Extremophilic Spindle-Shaped Virus with Extracellular Tail Development

Uldahl

Jensen

Bhoobalan-Chitty

et al. 2016

J Virol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Because the UV sensitivity of MS2 coliphage is at its highest close to the quasi-monochromatic light output of low-pressure mercury-vapor lamps commonly applied in UV reactors (253.7 nm), it is also used as indicator virus for the validation of UV reactors in the United States. Adenoviruses were among the most resistant viruses being tested by Hijnen et al (2006) and Tang and Sillanpää (2015). According to extensive data compiled by Kowalski (2009), in air, adenovirus, type-4 is the most susceptible to UV light (D-value = 0.8 mJ/cm 2 ), while Newcastle disease virus is the most resistant (D-value = 92.5 mJ/cm 2 ) (Table 5).…”

Section: Ultraviolet Lightmentioning

confidence: 98%

New food safety challenges of viral contamination from a global perspective: Conventional, emerging, and novel methods of viral control

Ezzatpanah

Gómez‐López

Koutchma

et al. 2022

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Food‐ and waterborne viruses, such as human norovirus, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis E virus, rotaviruses, astroviruses, adenoviruses, and enteroviruses, are major contributors to all foodborne illnesses. Their small size, structure, and ability to clump and attach to inanimate surfaces make viruses challenging to reduce or eliminate, especially in the presence of inorganic or organic soils. Besides traditional wet and dry methods of disinfection using chemicals and heat, emerging physical nonthermal decontamination techniques (irradiation, ultraviolet, pulsed light, high hydrostatic pressure, cold atmospheric plasma, and pulsed electric field), novel virucidal surfaces, and bioactive compounds are examined for their potential to inactivate viruses on the surfaces of foods or food contact surfaces (tools, equipment, hands, etc.). Every disinfection technique is discussed based on its efficiency against viruses, specific advantages and disadvantages, and limitations. Structure, genomic organization, and molecular biology of different virus strains are reviewed, as they are key in determining these techniques effectiveness in controlling all or specific foodborne viruses. Selecting suitable viral decontamination techniques requires that their antiviral mechanism of action and ability to reduce virus infectivity must be taken into consideration. Furthermore, details about critical treatments parameters essential to control foodborne viruses in a food production environment are discussed, as they are also determinative in defining best disinfection and hygiene practices preventing viral infection after consuming a food product.

show abstract

“…(15) implies that the ratio between the SBI of any bacteria to that of the reference bacteria, E. coli, is linearly proportional to its corresponding BSI. Here, linear proportionality holds regardless the inactivation rate, Log I.…”

Section: Inactivation Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(7) suggests that the ratio between the fluence differences required for any bacteria to that of E. coli is proportional to the ratio of their inactivation rate constants at the linear portion, if the same level inactivation rate of Log I is to be achieved for any bacteria. In this study, a new concept of bacteria sensitivity index (BSI) similar to virus sensitivity index [15] is defined as the ratio between the k i of any bacteria for the linear portion of the dose response curve to the k ir of the reference bacteria such as E. coli as follows:…”

Section: Theoretical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%