Virus removal and recovery in the drinking water treatment train

Stetler, Ronald E.; Waltrip, Steven C.; Hurst, Christon J.

doi:10.1016/0043-1354(92)90003-m

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The acid rinse step may promote both elution and detection efficiency, because it may reduce inhibitors in the recovered eluates from original environmental water samples. The hydrophobic interactions with organic substances in beef extract played an important role in the elution of viruses from various absorbents in previous studies (22,27,38,41,43,44). However, the eluate obtained by using beef extract solution caused some inhibitory effect on PCR detection of viruses (1,15,32,34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a Virus Concentration Method and Its Application to Detection of Enterovirus and Norwalk Virus from Coastal Seawater

Katayama

Shimasaki

Ohgaki

2002

Appl Environ Microbiol

462

292

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We developed a new procedure for concentration of enteric viruses from water using a negatively charged membrane. Rinsing the membrane with 0.5 mM H 2 SO 4 (pH 3.0) in order to elute cations prior to viral elution with 1 mM NaOH (pH 10.5) promoted poliovirus recovery yields from 33 to 95% when applied to pure water and 38 to 89% when applied to natural seawater from Tokyo Bay, Japan, respectively. This method showed average recovery yields of spiked poliovirus of 62% (n ‫؍‬ 8) from 1 liter of artificial seawater. This method showed higher recovery yields (>61%) than that of the conventional method using positively charged membrane (6%) when applied to seawater. This method is also free from beef extract elution, which has an inhibitory effect in the subsequent viral genome detection by reverse transcription-PCR. Naturally occurring Norwalk viruses from 2 liters of Tokyo Bay water in winter and infectious enteroviruses from 2 liters of recreational coastal seawater in summer were detected by using this viral concentration method.To determine the public health risk caused by human enteric viruses in water, a reliable, sensitive, and practical method for detecting small concentrations of viruses is needed. Concentrating viruses in water by adsorption to and subsequent elution from a positively charged membrane (38) is currently considered to be one of the most useful methods (3). This method has been applied to tap water (25, 39), groundwater (1), river water (22, 23), lake water (23), secondarily treated sewage (36) or marine water (29). The virus concentrations are determined by conventional plaque assays (22,23,25,36,38,39). However, the recoveries from seawater are not always high enough because of low adsorption of viruses to the positively charged membrane due to the influence of salts (24). Most of the enteric viruses are known to adsorb to a negatively charged membrane in the presence of Mg 2ϩ (40,43) or other multivalent cations, or under acid conditions (37), while the recovery of viruses is not always easy.According to the infectious disease weekly reports from the National Institute of Infectious Disease, Tokyo, Japan, infection with enteroviruses is common in the summer. The use of recreational seawater is suspected as one of the main pathways of infection. On the other hand, the outbreaks of Norwalk viruses have been occurring often in winter, and the consumption of molluscan shellfish fecally contaminated in the harvesting seawater has been suspected to be one of the main pathways of these viruses. Hence, the viral contamination of seawater is one of the important issues from the epidemiological point of view. The occurrence of these viruses in oysters or other seafood has been widely reported (4,8,10,18), while the fate of viruses in seawater is unknown and the levels of the virus have not been quantitatively discussed (9).In recent years, the PCR method has been used to detect enteric viruses in environmental samples (16, 19-21, 28, 31, 42). PCR is one of the most-sensitive methods available for ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PCR is one of the most-sensitive methods available for viral monitoring (2, 5, 30). In conventional concentrating methods, beef extract was often used as an eluate from various adsorbents (22,27,38,41,43,44). However, contents of beef extract are suspected to have some inhibitory effect on PCR detection for viruses, especially after reconcentration (1, 32).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Virus Concentration Method and Its Application to Detection of Enterovirus and Norwalk Virus from Coastal Seawater

Katayama

Shimasaki

Ohgaki

2002

Appl Environ Microbiol

462

292

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“…It was decided to screen aerobic heterotrophs for the following reasons: (i) previous studies suggested that they are the most abundant bacterial population in wastewater effluent (Chauret et al, 1999) and they have been cultured in significant numbers in post-filtration samples from drinking water treatment processes previously (Stetler et al, 1992), (ii) as a group, heterotrophic bacteria have similarly shaped UV dose-response profiles to Cryptosporidium, as collated in (Chevrefils et al, 2006), (iii) they can be grown and enumerated using simple culture-based methods.…”

Section: Cryptosporidiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of indigenous surrogate microorganisms for UV disinfection dose verification

Blyth

Templeton

Court

et al. 2021

Water & Environment J

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UV disinfection reactors are an effective and economic means to inactivate oocysts of the protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium in drinking water. Cryptosporidiosis outbreaks can occur as a result of filter breakthrough following increased oocyst loading of treatment processes (Bouchier, 1998). Oocysts are resistant to commonly used chlorine-based disinfectants and therefore filter failure can result in outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis (Korich et al., 1990). Low and medium pressure UV disinfection has been demonstrated to be effective at reducing oocyst infectivity at economic UV doses, and hence UV reactors have become increasingly common as drinking water treatments for inactivating oocysts and other waterborne pathogens

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“…To do so, a first-order kinetic model was applied to estimate reductions in microorganism concentrations at varying distances from the release point. This type of model is widely used to characterize microbial decay or inactivation within environmental systems (Haas et al, 2014;Stetler et al, 1992). In fact, the use of such hydrodynamic modelling of contamination events in combination with QMRA is steadily gaining merit over traditional water quality monitoring of recreational waters in many public health jurisdictions (Ashbolt et al, 2010;Ferguson et al, 2007;McBride et al, 2012;Sokolova et al, 2015;WHO, 2016).…”

Section: Pathogen Concentration Modelling Within Receiving Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening-level microbial risk assessment of acute gastrointestinal illness attributable to wastewater treatment systems in Nunavut, Canada

Daley

Jamieson

Rainham

et al. 2019

Science of The Total Environment

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Virus removal and recovery in the drinking water treatment train

Cited by 10 publications

References 12 publications

Development of a Virus Concentration Method and Its Application to Detection of Enterovirus and Norwalk Virus from Coastal Seawater

Development of a Virus Concentration Method and Its Application to Detection of Enterovirus and Norwalk Virus from Coastal Seawater

Assessment of indigenous surrogate microorganisms for UV disinfection dose verification

Screening-level microbial risk assessment of acute gastrointestinal illness attributable to wastewater treatment systems in Nunavut, Canada

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