Virus of Bats Antigenically Related to St. Louis Encephalitis

Burns, Kenneth F.; Farinacci, Charles J.

doi:10.1126/science.123.3189.227

Cited by 33 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Using HAI, they reported antibodies reactive to ZIKAV at a high seroprevalence among Angolan free-tailed bats (26/36) and little free-tailed bats (Chaerephon pumilus) (16/44). The presence of ZIKAV-reactive antibodies in Ugandan bats was also found by Simpson and others, 15 who Phnom-Penh bat virus* Lesser dawn bat (Eonycteris spelaea), lesser short-nosed fruit bat (Cynopterus brachyotis) 14,19 Rio Bravo virus* ‡ Mexican free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana), big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus) [5][6][7]14,17,21 St. Louis encephalitis virus † ‡ Mexican free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana) 10,14,21 Saboya virus § Gambian slit-faced bat (Nycteris gambiensis) 14,21,24 Sokuluk virus* Common pipistrelle (Vespertilio pipistrellus) 14,20 Tamana bat virus* ‡ ¶ Parnell's mustached bat (Pteronotus parnellii) 14,17 Uganda S virus † Rousettus sp., Tadarida sp.…”

Section: Serological Evidence For Natural Circulation Of Zikav In Fiementioning

confidence: 73%

Flavivirus Infections of Bats: Potential Role in Zika Virus Ecology

Kading

Schountz

2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Understanding the vector and nonhuman vertebrate species contributing to Zika virus (ZIKAV) transmission is critical to understanding the ecology of this emerging arbovirus and its potential to establish in new geographic areas. This minireview summarizes what is known regarding the association of bats with flaviviruses (Flaviviridae: Flavivirus) with a particular emphasis on the potential role of bats in the sylvatic transmission of ZIKAV. Key research directions that remain to be addressed are also discussed.

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Section: Serological Evidence For Natural Circulation Of Zikav In Fiementioning

confidence: 73%

Flavivirus Infections of Bats: Potential Role in Zika Virus Ecology

Kading

Schountz

2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Rio Bravo (RB) virus (bat salivary gland virus; Burns & Farinacci, 1956;Burns et al, 1957;Johnson, 1962) was shown to be antigenically related to viruses which were earlier known as group B arboviruses, but are now classified in the family Flaviviridae (de Madrid & Porterfield, 1974;Berge, 1975;Westaway et al, 1985). This family contains 64 members that include 42 viruses with known arthropod vectors (Brinton, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The possibility remains that a putative arthropod vector for RB virus has not been discovered and for this reason it is included in the group of flaviviruses with unknown vectors. RB virus has been isolated repeatedly from Mexican freetail bats (Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana; Burns & Farinacci, 1956;Johnson, 1962;Sulkin, 1962;Constantine & Woodall, 1964;Allen et al, 1970) and is believed to infect bats persistently (Constantine & Woodall, 1964;Baer & Woodall, 1966;Sulkin & Allen, 1974) and to be transmitted by aerogenic transmission (Constantine & Woodall, 1964). If it becomes clear from biochemical, physical and biological characteristics that RB virus is a flavivirus, then identification of the presumed block in its replication cycle in mosquito cell cultures may help to focus on the properties of arthropod-borne flaviviruses which allow them to be permissive in arthropods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical and Biophysical Characteristics of Rio Bravo Virus (Flaviviridae)

Hendricks

Patick

Petti

et al. 1988

Journal of General Virology

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SUMMARYRio Bravo (RB) virus has been assigned to the family Flaviviridae on the basis of its antigenic relatedness to other members of this family. RB virus, unlike most members of the Flaviviridae, is believed not to have an arthropod vector. We examined biochemical and biophysical characteristics of RB virus to determine whether it should be assigned to the Flaviviridae and to compare it with arthropod-borne flaviviruses. Purified RB virus banded at a density of 1.18 g/ml in sucrose and had a sedimentation coefficient of about 200 S. Virions, negatively stained with ammonium molybdate, were spherical, had diameters of 42 nm, and appeared to be surrounded by envelopes bearing surface projections. The loss of infectivity after infectious virus was incubated with diethyl ether or sodium deoxycholate confirmed the presence of envelopes. Partially purified RB virions contained single-stranded RNA, lacking 3' poly(A) tracts, that sedimented in a 15~o to 30~o sucrose gradient as one discrete band with a sedimentation coefficient of about 40 S. Most of the viral proteins in preparations of purified virus and in immunoprecipitates had similar electrophoretic mobilities and glycosylation patterns to known flavivirus proteins. Therefore, they were assigned the following tentative designations using the nomenclature for flavivirus proteins: gp52 and gp47, envelope proteins; gp46, non-structural protein 1; p25, gp20(prM), precursor to membrane protein; gp< 18K. Putative core and membrane proteins were not identified. These physical and biochemical characteristics of RB Virus are remarkably similar to those of the arthropod-borne members of the Flaviviridae and they confirm the classification of RB virus in this family. This is the first report of biochemical and physical properties of a non-arthropod-borne member of the Fiaviviridae.

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“…[1][2][3] Subsequently, investigators at the Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI) collected bats from the attic of UVRI, dissected salivary glands, and isolated viruses by intracerebral inoculation of triturated salivary gland extracts into neonatal mice. 4,5 This first effort resulted in the isolation of Entebbe bat salivary gland virus, strain IL-30 (Flaviviridae: Flavivirus) from a little free-tailed bat (Chaerephon pumilus) (Cretzchmar).…”

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confidence: 99%

Detection of Entebbe Bat Virus After 54 Years

Kading

Kityo

Nakayiki

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Entebbe bat virus (ENTV; Flaviviridae: Flavivirus), closely related to yellow fever virus, was first isolated from a little free-tailed bat (Chaerephon pumilus) in Uganda in 1957, but was not detected after that initial isolation. In 2011, we isolated ENTV from a little free-tailed bat captured from the attic of a house near where it had originally been found. Infectious virus was recovered from the spleen and lung, and the viral RNA was sequenced and compared with that of the original isolate. Across the polypeptide sequence, there were 76 amino acid substitutions, resulting in 97.8% identity at the amino acid level between the 1957 and 2011 isolates. Further study of this virus would provide valuable insights into the ecological and genetic factors governing the evolution and transmission of bat-and mosquitoborne flaviviruses.

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Virus of Bats Antigenically Related to St. Louis Encephalitis

Cited by 33 publications

References 1 publication

Flavivirus Infections of Bats: Potential Role in Zika Virus Ecology

Flavivirus Infections of Bats: Potential Role in Zika Virus Ecology

Biochemical and Biophysical Characteristics of Rio Bravo Virus (Flaviviridae)

Detection of Entebbe Bat Virus After 54 Years

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