Virus-like particles: a self-assembled toolbox for cancer therapy

Shahrivarkevishahi, Arezoo; Hagge, Laurel M.; Brohlin, Olivia; Kumari, Sunita; Ehrman, Ryanne N.; Benjamin, Candace; Gassensmith, Jeremiah J.

doi:10.1016/j.mtchem.2022.100808

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…Cationic nanoparticles tend to induce higher cellular internalization in comparison with negatively or neutrally charged nanoparticles, which may attribute to the electrostatic interaction between nanoparticles and anionic cell membrane lipid bilayer. VLPs with positive surface charge shield their negatively charged cargo such as nucleic acid, and can be readily taken up by cells [28]. However, acute inflammation and nonspecific immune stimulation are associated with positively charged nanoparticles, as they may activate the pattern-recognition receptors [29,30].…”

Section: Surface Chargementioning

confidence: 99%

Virus-like Particles as Antiviral Vaccine: Mechanism, Design, and Application

Zhang

et al. 2023

Biotechnol Bioproc E

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Virus-like particles (VLPs) are viral structural protein that are noninfectious as they do not contain viral genetic materials. They are safe and effective immune stimulators and play important roles in vaccine development because of their intrinsic immunogenicity to induce cellular and humoral immune responses. In the design of antiviral vaccine, VLPs based vaccines are appealing multifunctional candidates with the advantages such as self-assembling nanoscaled structures, repetitive surface epitopes, ease of genetic and chemical modifications, versatility as antigen presenting platforms, intrinsic immunogenicity, higher safety profile in comparison with live-attenuated vaccines and inactivated vaccines. In this review, we discuss the mechanism of VLPs vaccine inducing cellular and humoral immune responses. We outline the impact of size, shape, surface charge, antigen presentation, genetic and chemical modification, and expression systems when constructing effective VLPs based vaccines. Recent applications of antiviral VLPs vaccines and their clinical trials are summarized.

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Section: Surface Chargementioning

confidence: 99%

Virus-like Particles as Antiviral Vaccine: Mechanism, Design, and Application

Zhang

et al. 2023

Biotechnol Bioproc E

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“…(Lee et al, 2018) They are also popular vaccine candidates, as many of these proteinaceous materials are intrinsically immunogenic and can elicit potent humoral and cellmediated immune responses. (Luzuriaga et al, 2021;Shahrivarkevishahi et al, 2022; Compared to other commonly used nanoparticles such as liposomes, lipid-based nanoparticles, and dendrimers, many VLPs allow orthogonal surface modifications to install more than one new chemical moiety. (Benjamin et al, 2020b;Shahrivarkevishahi et al, 2021) For instance, drug delivery components can be installed via a single set of reactions, and stealth PEG coatings that promote solubility can orthogonally be attached to the same VLP via a second reaction.…”

Section: Virus-like Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Benjamin et al, 2020a) Bioconjugation strategies have recently gained much attention, as they can be used for tailoring VLPs and VNPs to perform specific functions such as imaging, cellular trafficking, and targeted drug delivery. (Shahrivarkevishahi et al, 2022) Though convenient, these reactions are not simple to execute in cases where the availability of exposed amino acids is limited, resulting in reduced efficiency of bioconjugation. (Hermanson, 2013) Figure 4 highlights some approaches to decorate the surface-exposed amino acids found in VLPs and viruses.…”

Section: Post-synthetic Modifications Of Vlps and Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rip It, Stitch It, Click It: A Chemist’s Guide to VLP Manipulation

Herbert

Wijesundara

Kumari

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Viruses are some of nature’s most ubiquitous self-assembled molecular containers. Evolutionary pressures have created some incredibly robust, thermally and enzymatically resistant containers to transport delicate genetic information safely. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are human-engineered non-infectious systems that inherit the parent virus’ ability to self-assemble under controlled conditions while being non-infectious. VLPs and plant-based viral nanoparticles are becoming increasingly popular in medicine as their self-assembly properties are exploitable for applications ranging from diagnostic tools to targeted drug delivery. Understanding the basic structure and principles underlying the assembly of higher-order structures has allowed researchers to disassemble (rip it), functionalize (click it), and reassemble (stitch it) these systems on demand. This review focuses on the current toolbox of strategies developed to manipulate these systems by ripping, stitching, and clicking to create new technologies in the biomedical space.

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“…The structure of most VLPs is known to atomistic detail, and their exposed surfaces can be functionalized using high-yielding bioconjugation chemistry. In particular, VLP Qβthe crystal structure displayed in Figure Ahas been used extensively as a proteinaceous nanocarrier, as its well-understood surface chemistry, minimal toxicity, and low reactogenicity have made it an ideal biodegradable delivery platform . Qβ is an icosahedral VLP comprised of 180 coat proteins connected through disulfide bonds (Figure A yellow residues) with four solvent-exposed primary amine residues from lysine (Figure A green residues), which have been chemically modified for use in multiple biomedical applications, including contrast agents, photothermal scaffolds, and drug carriers. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Nanobubble Formation: Gold Nanoparticle Conjugation to Qβ Virus-like Particles

et al. 2023

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Plasmonic gold nanostructures are a prevalent tool in modern hypersensitive analytical techniques such as photoablation, bioimaging, and biosensing. Recent studies have shown that gold nanostructures generate transient nanobubbles through localized heating and have been found in various biomedical applications. However, the current method of plasmonic nanoparticle cavitation events has several disadvantages, specifically including small metal nanostructures (≤10 nm) which lack size control, tuneability, and tissue localization by use of ultrashort pulses (ns, ps) and high-energy lasers which can result in tissue and cellular damage. This research investigates a method to immobilize sub-10 nm AuNPs (3.5 and 5 nm) onto a chemically modified thiol-rich surface of Qβ virus-like particles. These findings demonstrate that the multivalent display of sub-10 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) caused a profound and disproportionate increase in photocavitation by upward of 5−7-fold and significantly lowered the laser fluency by 4-fold when compared to individual sub-10 nm AuNPs. Furthermore, computational modeling showed that the cooling time of QβAuNP scaffolds is significantly extended than that of individual AuNPs, proving greater control of laser fluency and nanobubble generation as seen in the experimental data. Ultimately, these findings showed how QβAuNP composites are more effective at nanobubble generation than current methods of plasmonic nanoparticle cavitation.

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Virus-like particles: a self-assembled toolbox for cancer therapy

Cited by 12 publications

References 147 publications

Virus-like Particles as Antiviral Vaccine: Mechanism, Design, and Application

Virus-like Particles as Antiviral Vaccine: Mechanism, Design, and Application

Rip It, Stitch It, Click It: A Chemist’s Guide to VLP Manipulation

Enhanced Nanobubble Formation: Gold Nanoparticle Conjugation to Qβ Virus-like Particles

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