Virus-like particle analysis in a seston-rich coastal pond using transmission electron microscopy

Montanie, Hélène; Hartmann, Hj J.; Crottereau, C.; Trichet, C.

doi:10.3354/ame028105

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Head size distribution of viruses can vary with time and space [106,[159][160][161][162][163], however, not all of the studies have shown such changes [86,94,95,101]. Heterotrophic nanoflagellates are a major type of predators of prokaryotes in aquatic systems and their grazing is sizeselective, i.e., they graze preferentially on a particular size class [164,165].…”

Section: Morphological and Size Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecology of prokaryotic viruses

2004

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The finding that total viral abundance is higher than total prokaryotic abundance and that a significant fraction of the prokaryotic community is infected with phages in aquatic systems has stimulated research on the ecology of prokaryotic viruses and their role in ecosystems. This review treats the ecology of prokaryotic viruses ('phages') in marine, freshwater and soil systems from a 'virus point of view'. The abundance of viruses varies strongly in different environments and is related to bacterial abundance or activity suggesting that the majority of the viruses found in the environment are typically phages. Data on phage diversity are sparse but indicate that phages are extremely diverse in natural systems. Lytic phages are predators of prokaryotes, whereas lysogenic and chronic infections represent a parasitic interaction. Some forms of lysogeny might be described best as mutualism. The little existing ecological data on phage populations indicate a large variety of environmental niches and survival strategies. The host cell is the main resource for phages and the resource quality, i.e., the metabolic state of the host cell, is a critical factor in all steps of the phage life cycle. Virus-induced mortality of prokaryotes varies strongly on a temporal and spatial scale and shows that phages can be important predators of bacterioplankton. This mortality and the release of cell lysis products into the environment can strongly influence microbial food web processes and biogeochemical cycles. Phages can also affect host diversity, e.g., by 'killing the winner' and keeping in check competitively dominant species or populations. Moreover, they mediate gene transfer between prokaryotes, but this remains largely unknown in the environment. Genomics or proteomics are providing us now with powerful tools in phage ecology, but final testing will have to be performed in the environment.

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Section: Morphological and Size Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecology of prokaryotic viruses

2004

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“…Only three freshwater marshes and littoral zones (Maranger & Bird, 1996; Farnell‐Jackson & Ward, 2003; Filippini et al. , 2006) and a single salt marsh (Montanie et al. , 2002) have had even basic studies performed on their natural viral communities.…”

Section: Existing Studies Of Viruses In Wetlandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viruses in wetland ecosystems

Jackson

2008

Freshwater Biology

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1. We review studies of viruses in natural and constructed wetlands, focusing on the importance of surfaces as viral habitat, and differences in viral ecology between wetlands and other aquatic ecosystems. 2. Viruses in natural wetlands are predominantly associated with sediment, macrophytes and other submerged surfaces. In constructed wetlands, these surfaces are critical to the removal of viral pathogens and indicator organisms from wastewater. 3. Interactions between viruses and other ecosystem components have rarely been examined in wetlands, and the role of viruses in regulating wetland microbial communities is unclear. Environmental factors such as temperature and flooding regime are important abiotic controllers of viral abundances in wetlands but few studies have examined how abiotic or biotic factors affect community structure. Even basic information on wetland viral diversity is lacking. 4. Future research should include broad surveys of different types of wetlands, an emphasis on differences between microhabitats, and an increased use of molecular approaches to examine wetland viral diversity and its relationship to microbial community structure. Such studies should consider wetlands as part of the broader landscape, and emphasize interactions between wetlands and adjacent terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.

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“…A comparison between the stability of naked viral DNA and viral DNA in ground larvae showed differences. In autoclaved underground salty water, naked viral DNA was detected for 28 d longer than viral DNA from ground larvae, at all temperatures Day 0 3 3 3 3 Day 1 3 2 3 3 Day 2 3 3 0 3 Day 6 1 3 0 3 Day 9 3 nd 0 nd Day 12 0 1 0 1 Day 16 3 0 Day 22 3 0 Autoclaved underground seawater Day 0 3 3 3 3 Day 1 3 3 2 3 Day 2 3 3 0 3 Day 6 3 3 0 3 Day 9 3 nd 0 nd Day 12 0 3 0 3 Day 16 3 3 Day 22 3 0 Global viral abundance (with all viruses counted) has been estimated to be in the range of 2.6 to 300 × 10 9 l -1 in estuarine surface waters (Wait & Sobsey 2001) and 1 to 30 × 10 9 l -1 in oyster ponds (Montanié et al 2002). Among recognised viruses, some may be OsHV-1 particles, and may represent evidence for viral dissemination in the environment from infected oysters.…”

Section: Persistence Of Oshv-1 Dna Detection By Pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lack of cell lines permissive to OsHV-1 does not allow the measurement of viral infectivity. Global viral abundance (with all viruses counted) has been estimated to be in the range of 2.6 to 300 × 10 9 l -1 in estuarine surface waters (Wait & Sobsey 2001) and 1 to 30 × 10 9 l -1 in oyster ponds (Montanié et al 2002). Among recognised viruses, some may be OsHV-1 particles, and may represent evidence for viral dissemination in the environment from infected oysters.…”

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confidence: 99%

Detection of Ostreid Herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) DNA in seawater by PCR: influence of water parameters in bioassays

Vigneron

Solliec²,

Montanie³

et al. 2004

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Since 1991, herpesvirus infections have been reported among larvae and juveniles of various bivalves. Most of the studies focused on detection of viral infections of economically important species. However, the persistence of bivalve herpesviruses in the marine environment is poorly documented. The present study concerns the role of seawater parameters in Ostreid Herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Viral DNA extracted from purified particles or virions present in infected oyster larvae were detected by PCR after storage in different media at different temperatures. The lowest detection threshold was found using distilled water or Tris EDTA buffer. In seawater, the threshold was higher. The use of sterile media permitted detection of viral DNA stored over a longer period. Storage temperature also had a significant influence on detection, with lower temperatures promoting DNA detection over a longer period. In summary, water parameters such as temperature influenced detection of OsHV-1 DNA by PCR. However, the PCR technique may also be successfully applied to samples in natural seawater. Indeed, the PCR technique permitted detection of naked viral DNA at 100 ng l -1 in seawater in bioassays.KEY WORDS: Oyster Herpesvirus 1 · Viral DNA · Seawater · Detection · PCR · Temperature Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 62: [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] 2004 outbreaks of mortality reported among Ostrea edulis and C. gigas spat were associated with detection of a herpes-like virus in France (Comps & Cochennec 1993, Renault et al. 1994a,b, 2000a. Herpes-like virus replication has also been observed in O. angasi adults in Australia (Hine & Thorne 1997) and in larval Triostrea chilensis in New Zealand (Hine 1997, Hine et al. 1998). Herpes-like viruses thus appear ubiquitous in bivalves. They are detected in different parts of the world, at different stages of development in different species. Moreover, herpes-like virus infections in bivalves are often associated with substantial mortalities. These observations highlight the importance of using a range of efficient diagnostic methods in order to assess the causative role of these viruses in bivalve mortalities. Using viral DNA extracted from infected C. gigas larvae (Le Deuff & Renault 1999), different molecular techniques, such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), have been developed (Renault & Lipart 1998, Renault et al. 2000b. PCR is used successfully to detect viral DNA during productive infections in oyster larvae and spat (Renault et al. 2000b). An in situ hybridisation technique has also been described (Lipart & Renault 2002). This technique may confirm the presence of herpes-like viruses in histological sections and localise viral DNA in different tissues and organs of infected individuals. Although these molecular techniques are now used to detect herpes-like viruses in marine bivalves when abnormal mortalities occur, no data are available about the dete...

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Virus-like particle analysis in a seston-rich coastal pond using transmission electron microscopy

Cited by 18 publications

References 38 publications

Ecology of prokaryotic viruses

Ecology of prokaryotic viruses

Viruses in wetland ecosystems

Detection of Ostreid Herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) DNA in seawater by PCR: influence of water parameters in bioassays

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