Virus-Induced T Cell-Mediated Heterologous Immunity and Vaccine Development

Balz, Kathrin; Trassl, Lilith; Härtel, Valerie; Nelson, Philipp P.; Skevaki, Chrysanthi

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00513

Cited by 38 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 83 publications

(84 reference statements)

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“…We believe that the superior protection afforded by the BA71-boosting is most probably multifactorial, contributing innate immunity and both B and T cell responses, as it has been described in different mouse models [ 38 , 39 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Live Attenuated African Swine Fever Viruses as Ideal Tools to Dissect the Mechanisms Involved in Cross-Protection

López

Heerden

Bosch-Camós

et al. 2020

Viruses

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African swine fever (ASF) has become the major threat for the global swine industry. Furthermore, the epidemiological situation of African swine fever virus (ASFV) in some endemic regions of Sub-Saharan Africa is worse than ever, with multiple virus strains and genotypes currently circulating in a given area. Despite the recent advances on ASF vaccine development, there are no commercial vaccines yet, and most of the promising vaccine prototypes available today have been specifically designed to fight the genotype II strains currently circulating in Europe, Asia, and Oceania. Previous results from our laboratory have demonstrated the ability of BA71∆CD2, a recombinant LAV lacking CD2v, to confer protection against homologous (BA71) and heterologous genotype I (E75) and genotype II (Georgia2007/01) ASFV strains, both belonging to same clade (clade C). Here, we extend these results using BA71∆CD2 as a tool trying to understand ASFV cross-protection, using phylogenetically distant ASFV strains. We first observed that five out of six (83.3%) of the pigs immunized once with 106 PFU of BA71∆CD2 survived the tick-bite challenge using Ornithodoros sp. soft ticks naturally infected with RSA/11/2017 strain (genotype XIX, clade D). Second, only two out of six (33.3%) survived the challenge with Ken06.Bus (genotype IX, clade A), which is phylogenetically more distant to BA71∆CD2 than the RSA/11/2017 strain. On the other hand, homologous prime-boosting with BA71∆CD2 only improved the survival rate to 50% after Ken06.Bus challenge, all suffering mild ASF-compatible clinical signs, while 100% of the pigs immunized with BA71∆CD2 and boosted with the parental BA71 virulent strain survived the lethal challenge with Ken06.Bus, without almost no clinical signs of the disease. Our results confirm that cross-protection is a multifactorial phenomenon that not only depends on sequence similarity. We believe that understanding this complex phenomenon will be useful for designing future vaccines for ASF-endemic areas.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Live Attenuated African Swine Fever Viruses as Ideal Tools to Dissect the Mechanisms Involved in Cross-Protection

López

Heerden

Bosch-Camós

et al. 2020

Viruses

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“…Natural killer cells (NK cells) account for 5–10% of the total number of lymphocytes and are constantly undertaking “patrol” tasks in the body. Infected host cells that lack MHC-I molecules are within the scope of NK cell attacking ( 23 , 24 ). Additionally, dendritic cells (DCs) are the main bridge between innate and adaptive immunity by antigen presentation.…”

Section: Dna Virus Infection Immune Response and Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

When STING Meets Viruses: Sensing, Trafficking and Response

Cai

Sun

et al. 2020

Front. Immunol.

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To effectively defend against microbial pathogens, the host cells mount antiviral innate immune responses by producing interferons (IFNs), and hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Upon recognition of cytoplasmic viral or bacterial DNAs and abnormal endogenous DNAs, the DNA sensor cGAS synthesizes 2’,3’-cGAMP that induces STING (stimulator of interferon genes) undergoing conformational changes, cellular trafficking, and the activation of downstream factors. Therefore, STING plays a pivotal role in preventing microbial pathogen infection by sensing DNAs during pathogen invasion. This review is dedicated to the recent advances in the dynamic regulations of STING activation, intracellular trafficking, and post-translational modifications (PTMs) by the host and microbial proteins.

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“…These ndings suggested a T cell-mediated cross-reactivity between circulating 'common cold' coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2. This cross-reactivity could be responsible for either enhanced protection against COVID-19 [15][16][17] or, in contrast, for antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of COVID-19 [18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Cd4 T Cells Of Prostate Cancer Patients Have Decreased Immunmentioning

confidence: 99%

CD4 T cells of prostate cancer patients have decreased immune responses to antigens derived from SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein

Taborska

Střížová

Stakheev

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The adaptive immune response to severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is important for vaccine development and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) recovery. Men and cancer patients have been reported to be at higher risks of contracting the virus and developing severe COVID-19. Prostate cancer (PCa) may be associated with both of these risks. We show that CD4+ T cells of SARS-CoV-2-unexposed patients with hormone-refractory (HR) metastatic PCa have substantially decreased CD4+ T cell immune responses to antigens from SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein but not from the spiked glycoprotein of the 'common cold'-associated human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) as compared with healthy male volunteers. Moreover, the HCoV-229E spike glycoprotein antigen-elicited CD4+ T cell immune responses cross-reacted with the SARS-CoV-2 spiked glycoprotein antigens. PCa patients may not respond to the vaccination, and the cross-reactivity can mediate antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of COVID-19. These findings highlight the potential for increased vulnerability of PCa patients to COVID-19.

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Virus-Induced T Cell-Mediated Heterologous Immunity and Vaccine Development

Cited by 38 publications

References 83 publications

Live Attenuated African Swine Fever Viruses as Ideal Tools to Dissect the Mechanisms Involved in Cross-Protection

Live Attenuated African Swine Fever Viruses as Ideal Tools to Dissect the Mechanisms Involved in Cross-Protection

When STING Meets Viruses: Sensing, Trafficking and Response

CD4 T cells of prostate cancer patients have decreased immune responses to antigens derived from SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein

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