Virus-induced neuronal dysfunction and degeneration

Berth, Sarah H.; Leopold, Philip L.; Morfini, Gerardo

doi:10.2741/3595

Cited by 69 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 155 publications

(236 reference statements)

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“…The second form of any viral spread towards the CNS is through neuronal dissemination, where a given virus infects neurons in the periphery and uses the machinery of active transport within those cells in order to gain access to the CNS [35,36]. Although the olfactory bulb is highly efficient at controlling neuroinvasion, several viruses have been shown to enter CNS through the olfactory route [259,260].…”

Section: Possible Mechanisms Of Hcov Neuroinvasivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Coronaviruses and Other Respiratory Viruses: Underestimated Opportunistic Pathogens of the Central Nervous System?

Desforges

Coupanec

Dubeau

et al. 2019

Viruses

929

997

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Respiratory viruses infect the human upper respiratory tract, mostly causing mild diseases. However, in vulnerable populations, such as newborns, infants, the elderly and immune-compromised individuals, these opportunistic pathogens can also affect the lower respiratory tract, causing a more severe disease (e.g., pneumonia). Respiratory viruses can also exacerbate asthma and lead to various types of respiratory distress syndromes. Furthermore, as they can adapt fast and cross the species barrier, some of these pathogens, like influenza A and SARS-CoV, have occasionally caused epidemics or pandemics, and were associated with more serious clinical diseases and even mortality. For a few decades now, data reported in the scientific literature has also demonstrated that several respiratory viruses have neuroinvasive capacities, since they can spread from the respiratory tract to the central nervous system (CNS). Viruses infecting human CNS cells could then cause different types of encephalopathy, including encephalitis, and long-term neurological diseases. Like other well-recognized neuroinvasive human viruses, respiratory viruses may damage the CNS as a result of misdirected host immune responses that could be associated with autoimmunity in susceptible individuals (virus-induced neuro-immunopathology) and/or viral replication, which directly causes damage to CNS cells (virus-induced neuropathology). The etiological agent of several neurological disorders remains unidentified. Opportunistic human respiratory pathogens could be associated with the triggering or the exacerbation of these disorders whose etiology remains poorly understood. Herein, we present a global portrait of some of the most prevalent or emerging human respiratory viruses that have been associated with possible pathogenic processes in CNS infection, with a special emphasis on human coronaviruses.

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Section: Possible Mechanisms Of Hcov Neuroinvasivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Coronaviruses and Other Respiratory Viruses: Underestimated Opportunistic Pathogens of the Central Nervous System?

Desforges

Coupanec

Dubeau

et al. 2019

Viruses

929

997

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Viruses may enter the CNS through two distinct routes: hematogenous dissemination or neuronal retrograde dissemination. Hematogenous spread involves the presence of a given virus in the bloodstream and retrograde viral spread toward the CNS happens when a given virus infects neurons in the periphery and uses the transport machinery within those cells in order to gain access to the CNS (Berth et al, 2009).…”

Section: Possible Mechanisms Of Coronaviruses Neuroinvasivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second form of any viral spread toward the CNS is through neuronal dissemination, where a given virus infects neurons in periphery and uses the machinery of active transport within those cells in order to gain access to the CNS (Berth et al, 2009). After an intranasal infection, both HCoV-OC43 (Jacomy and Talbot, 2003) and Adapted from Arbour et al, 2000 andBoucher et al, 2007. respiratory tract in mice and to be neuroinvasive as HCoV-OC43 (Butler et al, 2006;St-Jean et al, 2004) and SARS-CoV (Netland et al, 2008) were detected in the CNS of susceptible mice.…”

Section: Possible Mechanisms Of Coronaviruses Neuroinvasivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human coronaviruses: Viral and cellular factors involved in neuroinvasiveness and neuropathogenesis

et al. 2014

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Among the various respiratory viruses infecting human beings, coronaviruses are important pathogens, which usually infect the upper respiratory tract, where they are mainly associated with common colds. However, in more vulnerable populations, such as newborns, infants, the elderly and immune-compromised individuals, these opportunistic pathogens can also affect the lower respiratory tract, leading to pneumonia, exacerbations of asthma, and various types of respiratory distress syndrome. The respiratory involvement of human coronaviruses has been clearly established since the 1960s. Nevertheless, for almost three decades now, data reported in the scientific literature has also demonstrated that, like it was described for other human viruses, coronaviruses have neuroinvasive capacities since they can spread from the respiratory tract to the central nervous system (CNS). Once there, infection of CNS cells (neurotropism) could lead to human health problems, such as encephalitis and long-term neurological diseases. Neuroinvasive coronaviruses could damage the CNS as a result of misdirected host immune responses that could be associated with autoimmunity in susceptible individuals (virus-induced neuroimmunopathology) and/or viral replication, which directly induces damage to CNS cells (virus-induced neuropathology). Given all these properties, it has been suggested that these opportunistic human respiratory pathogens could be associated with the triggering or the exacerbation of neurologic diseases for which the etiology remains poorly understood. Herein, we present host and viral factors that participate in the regulation of the possible pathogenic processes associated with CNS infection by human coronaviruses and we try to decipher the intricate interplay between virus and host target cells in order to characterize their role in the virus life cycle as well as in the capacity of the cell to respond to viral invasion.

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“…More commonly, viruses enter the central nervous system (CNS; the brain and spinal cord) asymptomatically during systemic infections either by crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) or via the peripheral nervous system (PNS; nerve tissue outside of the CNS) (1). There is correlative evidence that the infection of neurons and neighboring glial cells and the accompanying increase in cytokine proinflammatory mediators can trigger cell dysfunction and increase neuronal vulnerability to other neurodegenerative insults, such as those caused by aging, oxidative stress, environmental toxins, or genetic predisposition.…”

Section: Disease Nexusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral and Inflammatory Triggers of Neurodegenerative Diseases

2012

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Here, we synthesize research behind the emerging hypothesis that inflammation—which can result, for example, from viral infections—can initiate and propagate chronic neuronal dysfunction, an event that precedes the clinical onset of many neurodegenerative diseases. Therapeutic approaches that target immunological pathways in the prodromal phase of diseases might decrease the incidence of neurodegenerative disorders and increase the therapeutic window for neuroprotection.

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Virus-induced neuronal dysfunction and degeneration

Cited by 69 publications

References 155 publications

Human Coronaviruses and Other Respiratory Viruses: Underestimated Opportunistic Pathogens of the Central Nervous System?

Human Coronaviruses and Other Respiratory Viruses: Underestimated Opportunistic Pathogens of the Central Nervous System?

Human coronaviruses: Viral and cellular factors involved in neuroinvasiveness and neuropathogenesis

Viral and Inflammatory Triggers of Neurodegenerative Diseases

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