Virus-Induced Behavioural Changes in Insects

Han, Yue; Oers, Monique M. van; Houte, Stineke van; Ros, V.I.D.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-22936-2_10

Cited by 25 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…Strikingly, in AcMNPV-infected S. exigua larvae, tree-top disease appeared to be moulting-dependent: only larvae that moulted during the course of infection climbed up and died at elevated positions [ 10 , 33 ]. Those larvae that did not undergo moulting died at low positions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitic Manipulation of Host Behaviour: Baculovirus SeMNPV EGT Facilitates Tree-Top Disease in Spodoptera exigua Larvae by Extending the Time to Death

Han

Houte

Drees

et al. 2015

Insects

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Many parasites enhance their dispersal and transmission by manipulating host behaviour. One intriguing example concerns baculoviruses that induce hyperactivity and tree-top disease (i.e., climbing to elevated positions prior to death) in their caterpillar hosts. Little is known about the underlying mechanisms of such parasite-induced behavioural changes. Here, we studied the role of the ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyltransferase (egt) gene of Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV) in tree-top disease in S. exigua larvae. Larvae infected with a mutant virus lacking the egt gene exhibited a shorter time to death and died before the induction of tree-top disease. Moreover, deletion of either the open reading frame or the ATG start codon of the egt gene prevented tree-top disease, indicating that the EGT protein is involved in this process. We hypothesize that SeMNPV EGT facilitates tree-top disease in S. exigua larvae by prolonging the larval time to death. Additionally, we discuss the role of egt in baculovirus-induced tree-top disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitic Manipulation of Host Behaviour: Baculovirus SeMNPV EGT Facilitates Tree-Top Disease in Spodoptera exigua Larvae by Extending the Time to Death

Han

Houte

Drees

et al. 2015

Insects

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“…Vector transmitted parasites depend on their vector, usually an insect, to disperse between hosts, plants or animals, when their vector feeds upon those hosts. To ensure transmission, parasites change the feeding behaviour of their vector and enhance encounter rates between vectors and hosts by altering host preferences of their vectors, and attractiveness of infected hosts . Contact transmitted parasites, would also benefit from manipulating host behaviour to enhance encounter rates between infected and not yet infected hosts, though evidence for this is less clear than in the other cases (reviewed by ).…”

Section: Host Manipulation Is Very Diversementioning

confidence: 99%

Conflicts over host manipulation between different parasites and pathogens: Investigating the ecological and medical consequences

Hafer

2016

BioEssays

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When parasites have different interests in regard to how their host should behave this can result in a conflict over host manipulation, i.e. parasite induced changes in host behaviour that enhance parasite fitness. Such a conflict can result in the alteration, or even complete suppression, of one parasite's host manipulation. Many parasites, and probably also symbionts and commensals, have the ability to manipulate the behaviour of their host. Non‐manipulating parasites should also have an interest in host behaviour. Given the frequency of multiple parasite infections in nature, potential conflicts of interest over host behaviour and manipulation may be common. This review summarizes the evidence on how parasites can alter other parasite's host manipulation. Host manipulation can have important ecological and medical consequences. I speculate on how a conflict over host manipulation could alter these consequences and potentially offer a new avenue of research to ameliorate harmful consequences of host manipulation.

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“…It has been suggested that the potential behavioral alteration of virus host could be induced by the parasites to enhance virus replication and transmission, or a response of the host to avoid spread of infection. Host manipulation by behavioral alteration could have wide evolutionary and ecological importance, given the high prevalence of viruses among invertebrates (Han et al, 2015 ). Interestingly, the higher replication of DcPV in heads has been correlated with a transient downregulation of several genes involved in the antiviral response such as Toll 7 and PI3K (antiviral autophagy) and importantly of Dicer2, Ago2, R2D2, and C3PO (antiviral RNA interference).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An RNA Virome Associated to the Golden Orb-Weaver Spider Nephila clavipes

Debat

2017

Front. Microbiol.

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The golden orb-weaver spider Nephila clavipes, known for its sexual size dimorphism, is abundant and widespread in the New World. The first annotated genome of orb-weaver spiders, exploring N. clavipes, has recently been reported. The study, focused primarily on the diversity of silk specific genes, shed light into the complex evolutionary history of spiders. Furthermore, a robust transcriptome analysis provided a massive resource for N. clavipes RNA survey. Here, I present evidence of viral sequences corresponding to the first 10 extant virus species associated to N. clavipes and indeed, nephilids. The putatively new species are linked to ssRNA positive-strand viruses, such as Picornavirales, and to ssRNA negative-strand and dsRNA viruses. In addition, I detected sequence data of new strains of two recently reported arthropod viruses, which complemented and extended the corresponding sequence references. The identified viruses appear to be complete, potentially functional, and presenting the typical architecture and consistent viral domains. The intrinsic nature of the detected sequences and their absence in the recently generated genome assembly, suggest that they correspond to bona fide RNA virus sequences. The available RNA data allowed for the first time to address a tissue/organ specific analysis of virus loads/presence in spiders, suggesting a complex spatial and differential distribution of the tentative viruses, encompassing the spider brain and also silk and venom glands. Until recently, the virus landscape associated to spiders remained elusive. The discovered viruses described here provide only a fragmented glimpse of the potential magnitude of the Aranea virosphere. Future studies should focus not only on complementing and expanding these findings, but also on addressing the potential ecological role of these viruses, which might influence the biology of these outstanding arthropod species.

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Virus-Induced Behavioural Changes in Insects

Cited by 25 publications

References 98 publications

Parasitic Manipulation of Host Behaviour: Baculovirus SeMNPV EGT Facilitates Tree-Top Disease in Spodoptera exigua Larvae by Extending the Time to Death

Parasitic Manipulation of Host Behaviour: Baculovirus SeMNPV EGT Facilitates Tree-Top Disease in Spodoptera exigua Larvae by Extending the Time to Death

Conflicts over host manipulation between different parasites and pathogens: Investigating the ecological and medical consequences

An RNA Virome Associated to the Golden Orb-Weaver Spider Nephila clavipes

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