Virus hepatitis of geese 3. Properties of the causal agent

Abstract

SYNOPSISCharacteristics of the goose hepatitis virus strain SHM 319 were studied in goose embryos and tissue cultures of avian origin. The virus was found to be resistant to both ether and sodium deoxycholate (0.25%). The growth of the virus was inhibited by 5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine. Virus infectivity was not affected by heating at 56°C for 3 hours, exposure to pH 3.0, formalin (1:1000), and other inactivating chemicals. Cell culture systems of three avian species were inoculated with GVH-SHM 319. Extensive cytopathic effect was produced only in goose cell cultures. No virus replication was observed in chicken or White Pekin duck cells. Fluorescent antibody staining revealed granular nuclear staining in infected susceptible tissue cultures. MayGrünwald-Giemsa-staining of infected tissue culture cells showed formation of mainly intranuclear inclusion bodies. Millipore filtration procedures revealed a particle size less than 50 nm. Hemagglutination was not observed. Precipitating antibodies could not be detected in GHV hyperimmunized birds. Neutralization tests could not demonstrate a relationship to known viruses of waterfowl, including duck virus enteritis and duck virus hepatitis. A certain discrepancy in the neutralization test with Hungarian goose sera is discussed.

Studies with a duck embryo adapted goose parvovirus vaccine

“…Previous methods for testing for the presence of antibodies to goose parvovirus in goose sera have been by VN tests using goose embryo fibroblasts, embryonating goose eggs (Derzsyefai, 1970;Schettler, 1973;Kisary, 1974) and Muscovy duck embryos (Hoekstra et al, 1973). These methods are satisfactory but are normally dependent on a constant supply of embryonating goose or Muscovy duck eggs.…”

Propagation of viruses infecting waterfowl on continuous cell lines of Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) origin

“…It has a nonenveloped, icosahedral, 20 to 22 nm virion, which contains either the positive or the negative strand of the singlestranded DNA genome (Zádori et al, 1995). The GPV can replicate in embryonated goose eggs (Schettler, 1971) and primary cell cultures (Schettler, 1973), and it was propagated successfully in adenovirus-5-infected human 293 cells (Malkinson & Winocour, 2005).…”

Distribution of Attenuated Goose Parvoviruses in Muscovy Ducklings.

“…In Japan, GPV was isolated by us in 1994 [12] and serum neutralization assay using plaque reduction tests reveals that there were several outbreaks in Japan [15 and unpublished data]. We have shown that an inactivated GPV vaccine was effective [16].…”

“…It is thought that infected birds excrete large amounts of GPV in their feces and that after a latent infection these birds may then act as carriers of the disease and transmit the virus [1,2]. GPV is very resistant against physico-chemical treatments and it is difficult to inactivate the virus with disinfectants [12,14].…”