Virus-Driven Carcinogenesis

Hatano, Yuichiro; Ideta, Takayasu; Hirata, Akihiro; Hatano, Kayoko; Tomita, Hiroyuki; Okada, Hideshi; Shimizu, Masahito; Tanaka, Takuji; Hara, Akira

doi:10.3390/cancers13112625

Cited by 41 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 351 publications

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“…In addition to being hepatotropic, HCV is a lymphotropic virus [ 67 ]. HCV-infected B-lymphocytes can escape virus-specific T-cell responses, are clonally expanded, and are activated to secrete IgM molecules with RF activity.…”

Section: The Questionable Role Of Gcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HCV-infected B-lymphocytes can escape virus-specific T-cell responses, are clonally expanded, and are activated to secrete IgM molecules with RF activity. These features may result in an indolent stage of lymphoproliferation, as occurs in MC, or in frank B-NHL [ 67 ]. HCV has been linked to lymphomagenesis in patients with and without MC.…”

Section: The Questionable Role Of Gcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The wide spectrum of cryoglobulinemic vasculitis and an overview of therapeutic advancements

2022

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Immunoglobulins that reversibly precipitate at temperatures below 37 °C are called cryoglobulins (CGs). Cryoglobulinemia often manifests as cryoglobulinemic vasculitis (CV), whose symptoms range in severity from purpuric eruptions to life-threatening features. The majority of CV patients are infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), whereas lymphoproliferative disorders or connective tissue diseases (CTD) are commonly diagnosed among patients with CV of non-infectious origin. In the absence of detectable associated disease, cryoglobulinemia is classified as “essential” (EMC). All HCV-positive CV patients should be given direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) that are consistently able to induce a sustained virologic response (SVR). Glucocorticoids (GCs) can mitigate CV-associated vasculitis, but they have no role as maintenance therapy. Cyclophosphamide restrains the hyperactive phase(s) of the disease and the post-apheresis rebound of newly synthesized CGs. Its use has been largely replaced by rituximab (RTX) in patients unresponsive to DAAs, patients progressing to B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) and patients in whom CV persists or reappears after clearance of HCV. Therapeutic apheresis is an emergency treatment for CV patients with hyperviscosity syndrome. HCV-positive CV patients are at an increased risk of developing NHL, but the achievement of SVR can effectively prevent HCV-related NHL or induce the remission of an already established lymphoma, even without chemotherapy. The treatment of patients with IgM or IgG monoclonal cryoglobulins and an underlying immunoproliferative disorder is based on the regimens adopted for patients with the same B-cell malignancies but without circulating CGs. For patients with CTD, GCs plus alkylating agents or RTX are similarly effective as first-line therapy and in the relapse/refractory setting. In patients with EMC, treatment should consist of GCs plus RTX, with the dose of GCs tapered as soon as possible to reduce the risk of infectious complications.

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Section: The Questionable Role Of Gcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Questionable Role Of Gcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The wide spectrum of cryoglobulinemic vasculitis and an overview of therapeutic advancements

2022

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“…These seven types of viruses, including EBV, HCV, HBV, HTLV, HHV8 and HPV, have been defined as Group 1 human carcinogens by the IARC, and MCV is classified as Group 2A ( 32 ). Among all cases of cancer caused by viral infections, the vast majority (>85%) occur in developing countries ( 33 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

iCAV: an integrative database of cancer-associated viruses

et al. 2021

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To date, various studies have found that the occurrence of cancer may be related to viral infections. Therefore, it is important to explore the relationship between viruses and diseases. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has defined six types of viruses as Class 1 human carcinogens, including Epstein–Barr virus, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus, human T-cell lymphotropic virus, human herpesvirus 8 and human papillomavirus, while Merkel cell polyomavirus is classified as ‘probably carcinogenic to humans’ (Group 2A). Therefore, in-depth research on these viruses will help clarify their relationship with diseases, and substantial efforts have been made to sequence their genomes. However, there is no complete database documenting these cancer-associated viruses, and researchers are not able to easily access and retrieve the published genomes. In this study, we developed iCAV, a database that integrates the genomes of cancer-related viruses and the corresponding phenotypes. We collected a total of 18 649 genome sequences from seven human disease-related viruses, and each virus was further classified by the associated disease, sample and country. iCAV is a comprehensive resource of cancer-associated viruses that provides browse and download functions for viral genomes. Database URL: http://icav.omicsbio.info/

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“…Several groups of human viruses have been described to cause about 15-20% of the global human cancer burden [1][2][3]. These tumor viruses or oncoviruses include, so far, the RNA human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-1) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) and DNA herpesviruses (HHVs) such as the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV or HHV-4) and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated virus (KSHV or HHV-8), the hepatitis B virus (HBV), Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), and several members of the human papillomaviruses family (HPV) [4]. The potential oncogenic role of Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in several cancers has been recently reviewed [5].…”

Section: Preamblementioning

confidence: 99%

The Chemokine System in Oncogenic Pathways Driven by Viruses: Perspectives for Cancer Immunotherapy

Schlecht-Louf

Deback

Bachelerie

2022

Cancers

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Chemokines interact with glycosaminoglycans of the extracellular matrix and activate heptahelical cellular receptors that mainly consist of G Protein-Coupled Receptors and a few atypical receptors also with decoy activity. They are well-described targets of oncogenic pathways and key players in cancer development, invasiveness, and metastasis acting both at the level of cancer cells and cells of the tumor microenvironment. Hence, they can regulate cancer cell proliferation and survival and promote immune or endothelial cell migration into the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, oncogenic viruses display the potential of jeopardizing the chemokine system by encoding mimics of chemokines and receptors as well as several products such as oncogenic proteins or microRNAs that deregulate their human host transcriptome. Conversely, the chemokine system participates in the host responses that control the virus life cycle, knowing that most oncoviruses establish asymptomatic latent infections. Therefore, the deregulated expression and function of chemokines and receptors as a consequence of acquired or inherited mutations could bias oncovirus infection toward pro-oncogenic pathways. We here review these different processes and discuss the anticancer therapeutic potential of targeting chemokine availability or receptor activation, from signaling to decoy-associated functions, in combination with immunotherapies.

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Virus-Driven Carcinogenesis

Cited by 41 publications

References 351 publications

The wide spectrum of cryoglobulinemic vasculitis and an overview of therapeutic advancements

The wide spectrum of cryoglobulinemic vasculitis and an overview of therapeutic advancements

iCAV: an integrative database of cancer-associated viruses

The Chemokine System in Oncogenic Pathways Driven by Viruses: Perspectives for Cancer Immunotherapy

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