Virus detection using nanoparticles and deep neural network–enabled smartphone system

Abstract

Emerging and reemerging infections present an ever-increasing challenge to global health. Here, we report a nanoparticle-enabled smartphone (NES) system for rapid and sensitive virus detection. The virus is captured on a microchip and labeled with specifically designed platinum nanoprobes to induce gas bubble formation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The formed bubbles are controlled to make distinct visual patterns, allowing simple and sensitive virus detection using a convolutional neural network (CNN)–enabled smartphone system and without using any optical hardware smartphone attachment. We evaluated the developed CNN-NES for testing viruses such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), HCV, and Zika virus (ZIKV). The CNN-NES was tested with 134 ZIKV- and HBV-spiked and ZIKV- and HCV-infected patient plasma/serum samples. The sensitivity of the system in qualitatively detecting viral-infected samples with a clinically relevant virus concentration threshold of 250 copies/ml was 98.97% with a confidence interval of 94.39 to 99.97%.

SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA Detection by a Cellphone‐Based Amplification‐Free System with CRISPR/CAS‐Dependent Enzymatic (CASCADE) Assay

“…In previous studies, we have already demonstrated that gas bubbles produced by platinum nanoparticle (PtNPs) based nanoprobes can be used as an optical signal to detect different pathogens with high sensitivity and specificity. [ 24 , 25 ] Here, we have employed the catalase enzyme as a means to generate gas bubbles in the microchip channel, and the results readout was significantly shortened to 1 min due to the faster catalytic activity of catalase to break down hydrogen peroxide. The assay was standardized to provide the most contrasting difference in bubble count between positive and negative samples by adjusting each step involved in the detection protocol (Figure S3 , Supporting Information).…”

Detection of Viruses and development of new treatments: Insights into Antibody-Antigen Interactions and Multifunctional Lab-On-Particle for SARS CoV-2

“…Thus, through the different steps, new opportunities are opened for the development of new biotechnological approaches. In this context, the development of vaccines is important as well [46]. The development of vaccines and new approaches for treating coronaviruses mostly includes strategies at different levels, for example i) antibodies; ii) antigen administration; iii) cell receptor blockers; iv) noninfective virus like particles; v) protein-based vaccines; vi) strategies at genomic level such as nucleic acid vaccines; vii) viral vector vaccines with immune responses; and viii) other pathways with combined treatments [47].…”

Advantages of Using Extremophilic Bacteria for the Biosynthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles and Its Potential for Rare Earth Element Recovery

“…Due to the increasing interest, back in 2018, market reports estimated that the worldwide production of MeNPs had the expectation of reaching 50 billion US dollars by 2026 ( Ovais et al, 2018 ). However, amid the COVID-19 crisis, healthcare applications of nanoparticles are storming into the spotlight, led by the focus on diagnostics and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 ( Brouwer et al, 2021 ; Park et al, 2021 ; Pilaquinga et al, 2021 ; Wang et al, 2022 ) as well as other viruses ( Draz et al, 2020 ; Dung et al, 2020 ; Perotti and Perez, 2020 ) and bacterial infections ( Barani et al, 2021 ). Therefore, the global market for nanotechnology is currently projected to keep growing ( Rasmi et al, 2021 ; Tortella et al, 2021 ), and will most probably surpass the pre-pandemic estimation.…”