Virus Cross-infection in Paediatric Wards

Gardner, P. S.; Court, S. D. M.; Brocklebank, J T; Downham, M. A. P. S.; Weightman, D.

doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5866.571

Cited by 94 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…Four were from Europe, 15 from the United States and two from Canada. There were 13 experimental or prospective cohort studies15, 16, 18, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53 and seven retrospective cohorts54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60 (one was an abstract only and there was not enough information to identify the study type) 61. Most ( n = 18) were conducted in neonatal/paediatric settings,15, 16, 18, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 55, 56, 57, 60, 61 with three in units housing immunocompromised adults 54, 58, 59.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus infection and effectiveness of control measures to prevent transmission events: a systematic review

French¹,

McKenzie

Coope³

et al. 2016

Influenza Resp Viruses

101

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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes a significant public health burden, and outbreaks among vulnerable patients in hospital settings are of particular concern. We reviewed published and unpublished literature from hospital settings to assess: (i) nosocomial RSV transmission risk (attack rate) during outbreaks, (ii) effectiveness of infection control measures. We searched the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, together with key websites, journals and grey literature, to end of 2012. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool or Newcastle–Ottawa scale. A narrative synthesis was conducted. Forty studies were included (19 addressing research question one, 21 addressing question two). RSV transmission risk varied by hospital setting; 6–56% (median: 28·5%) in neonatal/paediatric settings (n = 14), 6–12% (median: 7%) in adult haematology and transplant units (n = 3), and 30–32% in other adult settings (n = 2). For question two, most studies (n = 13) employed multi‐component interventions (e.g. cohort nursing, personal protective equipment (PPE), isolation), and these were largely reported to be effective in reducing nosocomial transmission. Four studies examined staff PPE; eye protection appeared more effective than gowns and masks. One study reported on RSV prophylaxis for patients (RSV‐Ig/palivizumab); there was no statistical evidence of effectiveness although the sample size was small. Overall, risk of bias for included studies tended to be high. We conclude that RSV transmission risk varies widely during hospital outbreaks. Although multi‐component control strategies appear broadly successful, further research is required to disaggregate the effectiveness of individual components including the potential role of palivizumab prophylaxis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus infection and effectiveness of control measures to prevent transmission events: a systematic review

French¹,

McKenzie

Coope³

et al. 2016

Influenza Resp Viruses

101

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“…Because both viruses and bacteria spread very rapidly in such conditions, the findings of incidence do not necessarily reflect the situation in the whole community. 16 Large field studies, on the other hand, concerning all children in the home, day care, and school environments would be ideal but extremely difficult to conduct. 1719 However, a prospective study dealing with children in the home environment and lasting for six years showed that the range of acute respiratory illnesses varied from 6.1 (per year per infant) to 2.4 (per year per person from 15 to 19 years).< 2°…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations on the seasonal variation of the most common acute pediatric diseases in the Helsinki area (Finland)

Peltola¹

1982

J Community Health

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Seasonal variations in the incidence of the most common acute diseases in childhood during the inter-epidemic year 1978 were investigated using a sample of 7,068 walk-in patients attending. Aurora Hospital, Helsinki. At least seven out of the ten most common diseases were of infectious origin. Generally, boys and the younger groups were affected most often. The clearest seasonal difference in both sexes was observed in patients with gastroenteritis and otitis media. Among boys, there was also a marked fluctuation in the incidence of asthmatic bronchitis and asthma, pneumonia, and laryngitis, whereas, among girls, marked variations were observed only in urinary tract infections and acute upper respiratory infections. Children between 1 and 3 years of age appeared to be most prone to the common cold syndrome all the year round.

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“…Recovery is usually rapid, so that by the following day they are often mixing freely with other children on the ward, while still excreting virus. The problems of hospital cross-infection with respiratory viruses and the possibilities of prevention through rapid diagnosis and awareness of the risks have been discussed previously (Gardner et al, 1973).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%