Virus Control of Cell Metabolism for Replication and Evasion of Host Immune Responses

Moreno-Altamirano, María Maximina Bertha; Kolstoe, Simon; Sánchez‐García, Francisco Javier

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2019.00095

Cited by 94 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 162 publications

(206 reference statements)

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“…Viruses are submicroscopic particles made out of RNA or DNA and a capsid composed of proteins. They only multiply in the host cells at the expense of the cells' metabolism [45]. The virus multiplication cycle involves several events: the entry into the cells, the synthesis of the genome and viral proteins, the assembly of viral components, and the viral output of infected cells [46].…”

Section: Antiviral Activity Of Metallic Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticles as Potential Antivirals in Agriculture

et al. 2020

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Viruses are estimated to be responsible for approximately 50% of the emerging plant diseases, which are difficult to control, and in some cases, there is no cure. It is essential to develop therapy practices to strengthen the management of these diseases caused by viruses in economically important crops. Metal nanoparticles (MeNPs) possess diverse physicochemical properties that allow for them to have a wide range of applications in industry, including nanomedicine and nano-agriculture. Currently, there are reports of favorable effects of the use of nanoparticles, such as antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral effects, in animals and plants. The potential antiviral property of MeNPs makes them a powerful option for controlling these histological agents. It is crucial to determine the dosage of NPs, the application intervals, their effect as a biostimulant, and the clarification of the mechanisms of action, which are not fully understood. Therefore, this review focuses on discussing the ability of metal nanoparticles and metal oxides to control viruses that affect agriculture through an exhaustive analysis of the characteristics of the particles and their interaction processes for a possibly beneficial effect on plants.

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Section: Antiviral Activity Of Metallic Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticles as Potential Antivirals in Agriculture

et al. 2020

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“…In this respect, apart from host immune cells using their metabolism to initiate host defense responses, also pathogens are able to exploit these host metabolic pathways for their own benefit. On the one hand, they tap into these pathways to acquire nutrients and macromolecules that directly promote their own survival and replication [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. On the other hand, it is now becoming clear that pathogens also manipulate metabolic pathways of host innate immune cells, to modulate, dampen, or evade the immune responses to further enhance their chances of survival.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogens MenTORing Macrophages and Dendritic Cells: Manipulation of mTOR and Cellular Metabolism to Promote Immune Escape

Nouwen

Everts

2020

Cells

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Myeloid cells, including macrophages and dendritic cells, represent an important first line of defense against infections. Upon recognition of pathogens, these cells undergo a metabolic reprogramming that supports their activation and ability to respond to the invading pathogens. An important metabolic regulator of these cells is mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). During infection, pathogens use host metabolic pathways to scavenge host nutrients, as well as target metabolic pathways for subversion of the host immune response that together facilitate pathogen survival. Given the pivotal role of mTOR in controlling metabolism and DC and macrophage function, pathogens have evolved strategies to target this pathway to manipulate these cells. This review seeks to discuss the most recent insights into how pathogens target DC and macrophage metabolism to subvert potential deleterious immune responses against them, by focusing on the metabolic pathways that are known to regulate and to be regulated by mTOR signaling including amino acid, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and autophagy.

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“…Upon viral infection, the host can alter several specific biological pathways, such as differentiated growth, development, apoptosis, changes in metabolic pathway, and homeostasis. In recent years, there has been increasing evidence that miRNAs participate in specific signaling pathways through the regulation of multiple functionally related proteins, which are involved in the pathways [37,38]. Our results show that the regulation of miRNAs in the viral infection cycle can be demonstrated by targeting at least one host factor involved in viral replication or expression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

MicroRNA 876-5p modulates EV-A71 replication through downregulation of host antiviral factors

Cheng

et al. 2020

Virol J

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Background: Human enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) is a non-enveloped virus that has a single stranded positive sense RNA genome. In a previous study, we showed that miR-876-5p upregulation was observed in the serum of patients with severe EV-A71 infection. Micro-876-5p (miR-876-5p) is a circulating miRNA that can be identified to modulate EV-A71 infections through both in vitro and in vivo studies. However, the regulatory mechanisms that involve miR-876-5p in the EV-A71 infection cycle remain unclear. Methods: We demonstrated that miR-876-5p facilitated EV-A71 replication and expression by overexpression and knocking-down of miR-876-5p through the transfection of miR-876-5p plasmid and miR-876-5p inhibitor. Although miR-876-5p suppressed CREB5 expression, luciferase reporter assay confirmed this. We also evaluated the role of miR-876-5p in the EV-A71 infection cycle by CREB5 mediated by transfection with an anti-miR-876-5P inhibitor or in combination with an si-CREB5 plasmid. Results: MicroR-876-5p was upregulated in EV-A71-infected neuroblastoma cells. Overexpression of miR-876-5p or knockdown of cyclic-AMP responsive element binding protein 5 (CREB5) promoted EV-A71 replication. The downregulation of miR-876-5p inhibited the accumulation of viral RNA and the production of viral proteins. Interestingly, CREB5 overexpression also suppressed EV-A71 replication. Our in vitro studies reveal that miR-876-5p directly targets CREB5. Finally, downregulation of CREB5 protein abated the inhibitory effect of anti-miR-876-5p and induced inhibitory effect of EV-A71 replication. Conclusions: Our results suggest that intracellular miR-876-5p promotes EV-A71 replication indirectly by targeting the host CREB5 protein.

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Virus Control of Cell Metabolism for Replication and Evasion of Host Immune Responses

Cited by 94 publications

References 162 publications

Nanoparticles as Potential Antivirals in Agriculture

Nanoparticles as Potential Antivirals in Agriculture

Pathogens MenTORing Macrophages and Dendritic Cells: Manipulation of mTOR and Cellular Metabolism to Promote Immune Escape

MicroRNA 876-5p modulates EV-A71 replication through downregulation of host antiviral factors

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