Virulence potentials of Bacillus strains recovered from edible snails and survival during culinary preparation

Okafor, Arthur C.; Ogbo, Frank C.

doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106834

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Snail meat is in high demand among consumers in Nigeria: the yearly demand has exceeded 7 million kg in this country alone ( 2 , 30 ). However, commercially available edible snails consistently harbour high counts of viable bacterial pathogens ( 23 , 32 ), probably because they are sourced from environments often associated with wastes. Snail meat is usually subjected to stages of culinary preparation which include shucking (extraction of the meat from the shell), evisceration, desliming and cooking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Snail meat is usually subjected to stages of culinary preparation which include shucking (extraction of the meat from the shell), evisceration, desliming and cooking. The preparation of snail meat in domestic kitchens might lead to the contamination of kitchen utensils, surfaces, sponges, food, and the dissemination of some pathogens such as S. aureus , Bacillus cereus , Escherichia coli, Citrobacter and Aeromonas species ( 23 , 31 , 32 ) within the home setting, thereby increasing the risk of infections. Edible snails also appear to be a neglected factor in foodborne disease epidemiology, which is evident in the lack of information about the virulent nature of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus in this foodstuff.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First report of the presence of enterotoxin gene in coagulase-negative staphylococci recovered from meat of snails (Achatina achatina)

Okafor

Ogbo

Akharaiyi

et al. 2022

Journal of Veterinary Research

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Introduction It has been suggested that coagulase-negative staphylococci can serve as reservoirs of virulence genes for other bacteria. This study assessed the presence of such genes in selected isolates recovered from meat of the giant African snail (Achatina achatina). Material and Methods Virulence genes were detected using a polymerase chain reaction targeting specific primers. Two representative isolates were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results The results showed that the staphylococcal enterotoxin A gene (sea) was present in five out of the eight isolates studied. The isolates expressed resistance mainly to three antibiotics: chloramphenicol, norfloxacin and cloxacillin in descending order of incidence. Most importantly, the Staphylococcus sciuri isolate NEDU 181, in addition to being resistant to the three aforementioned antibiotics, also harboured the sea gene. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate, for the first time, the presence of toxigenic and antibiotic-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. in commercially-available fresh snail meat. With staphylococcal enterotoxin A known to survive cooking temperature, this presents a food safety concern.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First report of the presence of enterotoxin gene in coagulase-negative staphylococci recovered from meat of snails (Achatina achatina)

Okafor

Ogbo

Akharaiyi

et al. 2022

Journal of Veterinary Research

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Antibiotic Resistance Hotspot: Comparative Genomics Reveals Multiple Strains of Multidrug-Resistant Citrobacter portucalensis in Edible Snails

Okafor,

Rosel,

Ogbo

et al. 2024

IJMS

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The demand for terrestrial snails as a food source is still on the increase globally, yet this has been overlooked in disease epidemiology and the spread of antimicrobial resistance. This study conducted genomic analyses of twenty Citrobacter portucalensis strains isolated from live edible snails traded in two hubs. The isolates were subjected to MALDI-TOF MS, antimicrobial resistance testing, whole genome sequencing, and analyses for in-depth characterization. The findings disclosed that seventeen strains across the two trading hubs were distinct from previously reported ones. Four isolates were found to share the same sequence type (ST881). Genome-based comparison suggests a clonal transmission of strains between snails traded in these hubs. All the isolates across the two hubs harbored similar variety of antimicrobial resistance genes, with notable ones being blaCMY and qnrB. Sixteen isolates (80%) expressed phenotypic resistance to second-generation cephalosporins, while eleven isolates (55%) exhibited resistance to third-generation cephalosporins. This report of multi-drug-resistant C. portucalensis strains in edible snails highlights significant concerns for food safety and clinical health because of the potential transmission to humans. Enhanced surveillance and stringent monitoring by health authorities are essential to evaluate the impact of these strains on the burden of antimicrobial resistance and to address the associated risk.

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Virulence potentials of Bacillus strains recovered from edible snails and survival during culinary preparation

Cited by 2 publications

References 29 publications

First report of the presence of enterotoxin gene in coagulase-negative staphylococci recovered from meat of snails (Achatina achatina)

First report of the presence of enterotoxin gene in coagulase-negative staphylococci recovered from meat of snails (Achatina achatina)

Antibiotic Resistance Hotspot: Comparative Genomics Reveals Multiple Strains of Multidrug-Resistant Citrobacter portucalensis in Edible Snails

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