Virulence of Streptococcus mutans: An Antibiotic-Suppressed Rat Model for Studies of Pathogenesis

Michalek, Suzanne M.; McGhee, Jerry R.

doi:10.1177/00220345770560030301

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The ani mals were treated with ampicillin, carbenicillin and chloramphenicol for 3 days to eliminate the microbial flora [Michalek and McGhee, 1977], Then, rat chow (Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd. Tokyo, Japan) was pulverized and mixed with 1 g of individual antibiotics per kilogram of diet. This treatment reduced the number of oral microorganisms in rats when oral swabs were obtained from individual rats and exam ined on BHI and Mitis-Salivarius agar (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich.) plates.…”

Section: Experimental Rat Cariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noncariogenicity of Erythritol as a Substrate

Hirasawa

Takeuchi

et al. 1992

Caries Res

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Erythritol is a sugar alcohol produced by Aureobasidium sp. from glucose. It is 75–80% as sweet as sucrose and is also nonhygroscopic. The aim of this study was to evaluate this sugar substitute from a cariological point of view. Erythritol was neither utilized as a substrate for the lactic acid production nor for plaque formation of mutans streptococci (serotypes a-h) and certain oral microorganisms. It was not utilized for water-insoluble glucan synthesis or cellular adherence by glucosyltransferase from Streptococcus mutans PS-14 (c) and Streptococcus sobrinus 6715 (g). Finally, a significantly lower caries score (3.1 ± 0.5; mean ± SEM) was observed in specific pathogen-free rats infected with S. sobrinus 6715 and fed with a diet containing 26% erythritol, as compared to control rats fed with a diet containing 26% sucrose (60.5 ± 2.0). Also, rats provided a diet containing 56% erythritol chocolate (23.8% erythritol) and challenged with S. mutans PS-14 exhibited a significantly lower caries score (6.7 ± 0.8) compared to the sucrose chocolate group (82.8 ± 2.8). The main conclusion from this study is therefore that erythritol is a promising sugar substitute from a cariological point of view.

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Section: Experimental Rat Cariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noncariogenicity of Erythritol as a Substrate

Hirasawa

Takeuchi

et al. 1992

Caries Res

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“…S. aureus is the organism mainly responsible for resistance to 3-lactam, but it is present in low proportions (4%). Thus, for experimental purposes, suppression of oral bacterial flora of mice seems possible with the use of r-lactam antibiotics, as already described for oral bacterial flora of COBS/CD rats (Michalek and McGhee, 1977), and for the micro-organisms of the murine small bowel (Davis and Savage, 1976). It could be safer to combine r-lactam with an aminoglycoside, to which enterococci exhibit a low level of resistance (as in clinical situations), in order to obtain a synergistic bactericidal interaction (Bismuth, 1985).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Antibiotic Resistance and Production of Inhibitory Substances among Bacterial Strains Isolated from the Oral Cavities of BALB/c Mice

St-Amand

Lavoie

1988

J Dent Res

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In the oral cavities of BALB/c mice, microbial population levels are regulated by multifactorial processes. Factors include the production of inhibitory substances and the exchange of genetic material. In this work, 371 isolates from different sites (saliva, tongue, teeth, and mucosa) of the oral cavities of BALB/c mice were screened for resistance to antibiotics and antimicrobial activity. Antibiotic-resistant strains represented 25% of the total flora. Among the predominant species, all the S. faecalis isolates showed multiresistance, and 23% of the Lactobacillus murinus isolates and 15% of the Staphylococcus aureus were resistant to at least one antibiotic. Resistance to aminoglycosides (neomycin, streptomycin, kanamycin, and gentamicin) was most frequently encountered. In S. faecalis, high levels of resistance were recorded to neomycin and streptomycin but not to gentamicin or kanamycin. Macrolides (M), lincosamides (L), streptogramin B (S), tetracycline (Tc), and chloramphenicol (Cm) resistance was also present in multiresistance patterns, especially among S. faecalis isolates. Hemolytic (Hly+) streptococci were less resistant to MLS, Tc, and Cm than were non-hemolytic (Hly-) isolates. Resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics was detected only among staphylococci and with a low prevalence (4%). The frequencies of strains producing antimicrobial substances against the indicator strains (S. mutans LG-1, S. sanguis Ny 101, and A. viscosus Ny 1) were high for L. murinus (76%) and S. faecalis (57% for Hly- and 90% for Hly+), but low for S. aureus (7%). These results indicate that the indigenous oral flora could interfere with colonization by allochthonous micro-organisms and that resistance patterns should be taken into account for the elimination of the oral indigenous flora by antibiotic treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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“…§ Lab Products, Inc., Maywood, NJ. 16, the pups were weighed and assigned at random to treatment groups. Except for two litters of 9 pups each which continued to receive diet plus antibiotics, the remaining dams were fed diet MIT 200 without antibiotics to facilitate implantation of microorganisms.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caries on Root Surfaces Exposed Following Gingivectomy in Conventional Rats Infected With Streptococcus Sobrinus and Actinomyces Viscosus

Firestone

Graves²,

Feagin³

1989

Journal of Periodontology

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To study the ability of bacteria associated with coronal caries to initiate root surface caries, a rat model was used. Root surfaces were exposed by gingivectomy in rats fed a caries-promoting diet and orally inoculated with either Actinomyces viscosus M-100, Streptococcus sobrinus (mutans) 6715, or both. A fourth group received a diet containing antibiotics. The animals were sacrificed 64 days following the gingivectomy performed on the right molar quadrants. Gingivectomy significantly increased exposed lingual root length and root caries incidence. There were no caries on non-gingivectomy root surfaces. Root surface caries incidence in the groups inoculated with A. viscosus and A. viscosus plus S. sobrinus did not differ. For both these groups, root caries incidence was significantly greater than that for the group inoculated with S. sobrinus alone. Root caries incidence in this latter group did not differ from that in the control group (J Periodontol 1989;60:624-627).

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Virulence of Streptococcus mutans: An Antibiotic-Suppressed Rat Model for Studies of Pathogenesis

Cited by 25 publications

References 23 publications

Noncariogenicity of Erythritol as a Substrate

Noncariogenicity of Erythritol as a Substrate

Antibiotic Resistance and Production of Inhibitory Substances among Bacterial Strains Isolated from the Oral Cavities of BALB/c Mice

Caries on Root Surfaces Exposed Following Gingivectomy in Conventional Rats Infected With Streptococcus Sobrinus and Actinomyces Viscosus

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