Virulence of Sporothrix luriei in a Murine Model of Disseminated Infection

Fernández-Silva, Fabiola; Capilla, Javier; Mayayo, Emilio; Guarro, Josep

doi:10.1007/s11046-011-9506-7

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…[12]. The rare species S. luriei (CBS 937.72) showed high virulence profile in murine model [13]. On the other hand, S. mexicana isolates (including CBS 120341) displayed little or no virulence in a murine model [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosomal Polymorphism in the Sporothrix schenckii Complex

et al. 2014

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Sporotrichosis is a polymorphic disease caused by a complex of thermodimorphic fungi including S. brasiliensis, S. schenckii sensu stricto (s. str.), S. globosa and S. luriei. Humans and animals can acquire the disease through traumatic inoculation of propagules into the subcutaneous tissue. Despite the importance of sporotrichosis as a disease that can take epidemic proportions there are just a few studies dealing with genetic polymorphisms and genomic architecture of these pathogens. The main objective of this study was to investigate chromosomal polymorphisms and genomic organization among different isolates in the S. schenckii complex. We used pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to separate chromosomal fragments of isolated DNA, followed by probe hybridization. Nine loci (β-tubulin, calmodulin, catalase, chitin synthase 1, Internal Transcribed Spacer, Pho85 cyclin-dependent kinase, protein kinase C Ss-2, G protein α subunit and topoisomerase II) were mapped onto chromosomal bands of Brazilian isolates of S. schenckii s. str. and S. brasiliensis. Our results revealed the presence of intra and interspecies polymorphisms in chromosome number and size. The gene hybridization analysis showed that closely related species in phylogenetic analysis had similar genetic organizations, mostly due to identification of synteny groups in chromosomal bands of similar sizes. Our results bring new insights into the genetic diversity and genome organization among pathogenic species in the Sporothrix schenckii complex.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosomal Polymorphism in the Sporothrix schenckii Complex

et al. 2014

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“…It is an emergent infection in immunocompromised patients, and an occupational disease in farmers and workers in close contact with soil, wood, bark, forage, and straw (Lopez-Romero et al, 2011). S. schenckii sensu lato is in fact a complex of at least four closely related species: S. schenckii sensu stricto, S. brasiliensis, S. globosa , and S. lurei (Rodrigues et al, 2015; de Beer et al, 2016); which have significant differences in the host range (Rodrigues et al, 2013, 2016; Mora-Montes et al, 2015), virulence (Fernandes et al, 2000, 2013; Brito et al, 2007; Arrillaga-Moncrieff et al, 2009; Fernandez-Silva et al, 2012a; Castro et al, 2013; Clavijo-Giraldo et al, 2016), and sensitivity to antifungal drugs (Marimon et al, 2008; Fernández-Silva et al, 2012b; Rodrigues et al, 2014; Borba-Santos et al, 2015). Among the complex members, S. schenckii sensu stricto and S. brasiliensis are the most common species associated to human and animal sporotrichosis, respectively (Chakrabarti et al, 2015; Mora-Montes et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto and Sporothrix brasiliensis Are Differentially Recognized by Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

et al. 2017

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Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto and S. brasiliensis are usually associated to sporotrichosis, a subcutaneous mycosis worldwide distributed. Comparative analyses between these two species indicate they contain genetic and physiological differences that are likely to impact the interaction with host cells. Here, we study the composition of the cell wall from conidia, yeast-like cells and germlings of both species and found they contained the same sugar composition. The carbohydrate proportion in the S. schenckii sensu stricto wall was similar across the three cell morphologies, with exception in the chitin content, which was significantly different in the three morphologies. The cell wall from germlings showed lower rhamnose content and higher glucose levels than other cell morphologies. In S. brasiliensis, the wall sugars were constant in the three morphologies, but glucose was lower in yeast-like cells. In S. schenckii sensu stricto cells most of chitin and β1,3-glucan were underneath wall components, but in S. brasiliensis germlings, chitin was exposed at the cell surface, and β1,3-glucan was found in the outer part of the conidia wall. We also compared the ability of these cells to stimulate cytokine production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The three S. schenckii sensu stricto morphologies stimulated increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, when compared to S. brasiliensis cells; while the latter, with exception of conidia, stimulated higher IL-10 levels. Dectin-1 was a key receptor for cytokine production during stimulation with the three morphologies of S. schenckii sensu stricto, but dispensable for cytokine production stimulated by S. brasiliensis germlings. TLR2 and TLR4 were also involved in the sensing of Sporothrix cells, with a major role for the former during cytokine stimulation. Mannose receptor had a minor contribution during cytokine stimulation by S. schenckii sensu stricto yeast-like cells and germlings, but S. schenckii sensu stricto conidia and S. brasiliensis yeast-like cells stimulated pro-inflammatory cytokines via this receptor. In conclusion, S. brasiliensis and S. schenckii sensu stricto, have similar wall composition, which undergoes changes depending on the cell morphology. These differences in the cell wall composition, are likely to influence the contribution of immune receptors during cytokine stimulation by human monocytes.

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“…In fact the degree of virulence observed among members of the pathogenic clade can be defined as S. brasiliensis > S. schenckii > S. luriei > S. globosa (Arrillaga-Moncrieff et al 2009; Fernández-Silva et al 2012). This model seems to be inversely proportional to the trend of drug resistance observed in these species which places S. globosa as the most resistant and S. brasiliensis as the most susceptible species (Marimon et al 2008; Rodrigues et al 2014b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the members of the S. schenckii group, S. brasiliensis was reported as the most pathogenic species followed by S. schenckii , S. luriei and S. globosa (Arrillaga-Moncrieff et al 2009; Fernández-Silva et al 2012). In addition, considerable differences have also been reported for other aspects of their biology including epidemiology, antifungal resistance and genetics (Marimon et al 2008; Teixeira et al 2014; Zhang et al 2015; Rangel-Gamboa et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%