Virulence of <i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</i> Isolated from Naturally Infested Pine Forests to Five Resistant Families of <i>Pinus thunbergii</i>

Akiba, Mitsuteru; Ishihara, Makoto; Sahashi, Norio; Nakamura, Kenichiro; Ohira, Mineko; Toda, T.

doi:10.1094/pdis-12-10-0910

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Variation of resistance within pine species to the PWN has been also reported in some previous studies (Kuroda 2004;Franco et al 2011;Akiba et al 2012), and prompted the launch of different breeding initiatives aimed to provide resistant genetic material to be used in areas of high risk of PWN damage (Toda and Kurinobu 2002;Nose and Shiraishi 2008;Ribeiro et al 2012). Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton) is the most affected tree species in Portugal (Vicente et al 2012), and the only one in Spain in which this nematode was reported (Robertson et al 2011).…”

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confidence: 75%

Intraspecific variation of anatomical and chemical defensive traits in Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) as factors in susceptibility to the pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)

Zas

Moreira

Ramos

et al. 2014

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Key message Migration ability of the PWN through wood branch tissues of adult Maritime pine trees significantly differed among Iberian provenances and this variation was related to differences in anatomical and chemical defensive traits. Abstract The pinewood nematode or pine wilt nematode (PWN; Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) is one of the most dangerous threats to European coniferous forests, especially for the susceptible Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster), a valuable forest resource in South Western Europe. The PWN is vectored by beetles of the genus Monochamus (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) and once inoculated in healthy branches, it quickly migrates downward to the main trunk through the resin canal system. Therefore, the anatomy of the resin canal system may modulate its migration and proliferation rates. Using material from nine Maritime pine Iberian provenances established in a common garden trial, we investigated whether these provenances differed in their (1) resin canal anatomy, (2) concentration of chemical defences (non-volatile resin and total polyphenolics) in stems and (3) ability of the PWN to migrate through the pine woody tissues in 'in vitro' bioassays. Whether variation in anatomical and chemical defensive traits relates to differences in PWN migration across populations was also investigated. Significant intraspecific variation in anatomical and chemical defensive traits and in nematode migration rates through pine tissues was observed. Moreover, the variation in nematode migration rate among pine provenances was related to differences in both anatomical and chemical features. Overall, this study highlights the role of plant genetics in the development of defensive traits against this harmful coniferous pest. The observed intraspecific variation should be taken into account when considering breeding as a strategy to provide areas of high risk of PWN with resistant genetic material.

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confidence: 75%

Intraspecific variation of anatomical and chemical defensive traits in Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) as factors in susceptibility to the pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)

Zas

Moreira

Ramos

et al. 2014

Trees

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“…xylophilus can directly cause wilt symptoms) and terpenoid hypotheses (some scientists believe that cavitation and xylem water column breakage of pine tree are caused by terpenoids), the pathogenic mechanism of PWD still remains to be elucidated [ 4 – 7 ]. It is reported that two forms of PWN existed in its native region, i.e., strongly virulent (SV) and weakly virulent (WV) [ 8 , 9 ]. Usually, the virulence of PWN was evaluated by an inoculation test and Takemoto et al (2005) reported another classification method based on PCR-RFLP patterns of heat-shock protein 70A [ 10 ].…”

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confidence: 99%

Deciphering the Molecular Variations of Pine Wood Nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus with Different Virulence

Ding

Lin

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is the causative agent of pine wilt disease which has caused huge economic losses in many countries. It has been reported that two forms of pine wood nematodes existed in its native region, i.e., with strong virulence and weak virulence. However, little is known about the molecular differences between the two forms. To better understand their molecular variations, transcriptome and genome sequences of three strongly virulent and one weakly virulent strains were analyzed. We found 238 transcripts and 84 exons which showed notable changes between the two virulent forms. Functional analyses of both differentially expressed transcripts and exons indicated that different virulence strains showed dissimilar nematode growth, reproduction, and oxidoreductase activities. In addition, we also detected a small number of exon-skipping events in B. xylophilus. Meanwhile, 117 SNPs were identified as potential genetic markers in distinguishing the two forms. Four of them were further proved to have undergone allele specific expressions and possibly interrupted the target site of evolutionary conserved B. xylophilus miR-47. These particular SNPs were experimentally verified by including eight additional strains to ensure the validity of our sequencing results. These results could help researchers to better diagnose nematode species with different virulence and facilitate the control of pine wilt disease.

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“…The proteomics approach presented here would help characterizing the level of genetic diversity in order to obtain groups of populations/isolates to be tested in assays for host resistance, considering that populations/isolates which share common ancestor or origin, also share pathogenic or biological features. Such a differential interaction, comparing the aggressiveness or virulence of different isolates or populations, has been demonstrated for B. xylophilus inoculated onto various P. thunbergii genotypes .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Protein markers of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Steiner & Buhrer, 1934 (Nickle, 1970) populations using quantitative proteomics and character compatibility

et al. 2016

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The Pine Wood Nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is a severe forest pathogen in countries where it has been introduced and is considered a worldwide quarantine organism. In this study, protein markers for differentiating populations of this nematode were identified by studying differences among four selected Iberian and one American population. These populations were compared by quantitative proteomics (iTRAQ). From a total of 2860 proteins identified using the public database from the B. xylophilus genome project, 216 were unambiguous and significantly differentially regulated in the studied populations. Comparisons of their pairwise ratio were statistically treated and supported in order to convert them into discrete character states, suggesting that 141 proteins were not informative as population specific markers. Application of the Character Compatibility methodology on the remaining 75 proteins (belonging to families with different biological functions) excludes 27 which are incompatible among them. Considering only the compatible proteins, the method selects a subset of 30 specific unique protein markers which allowed the compared classification of the Iberian isolates. This approach makes it easier search for diagnostic tools and phylogenetic inference within species and populations of a pathogen exhibiting a high level of genetic diversity.

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Virulence of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Isolated from Naturally Infested Pine Forests to Five Resistant Families of Pinus thunbergii

Abstract: Akiba, M., Ishibara, M.,

Cited by 17 publications

References 17 publications

Intraspecific variation of anatomical and chemical defensive traits in Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) as factors in susceptibility to the pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)

Intraspecific variation of anatomical and chemical defensive traits in Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) as factors in susceptibility to the pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)

Deciphering the Molecular Variations of Pine Wood Nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus with Different Virulence

Protein markers of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Steiner & Buhrer, 1934 (Nickle, 1970) populations using quantitative proteomics and character compatibility

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