Virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) for the control of Diabrotica speciosa germar (coleoptera: chrysomelidae)
Abstract:Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are used in biological control of soil insects and show promise in the control of D. speciosa. The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of native and exotic entomopathogenic nematode isolates in the control of D. speciosa under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Results showed that all of EPNs caused larval mortality. The most virulent were Heterorhabditis sp. RSC01 (94%), Steinernema glaseri (84%), Heterorhabditis sp. JPM04 (82%) and Heterorhabditis amazone… Show more
“…Diabrotica speciosa, also called green cow or patriot, has been detected in most crops in South America. In Brazil, the adult pest is considered an important pest infesting some extensive crops, such as soybeans [26], [27]. The pest that prefers the softer leaves and damages plants by eating small round holes in the leaf or making incisions on the leaf edges [12].…”
Section: A Soybean Plants Damages By Caterpillars and Diabrotica Spec...mentioning
We address the soybean leaves infection problem by proposing a robust classification model that can reliably detect infests by Diabrotica speciosa and caterpillars. Our transfer-learning based model uses a VGG19 convolutional neural network to classify the soybean leaves and we achieve balanced accuracies between 93.71 % and 94.16 % on unseen testing data, what sets a new benchmark and outperform previous work using the same dataset. Our work has theoretical and practical implications. The soybean plays a crucial role in the agricultural industry. Infestation of soybeans leads to enormous economic and environmental losses. With our model presented here, an early and accurate detection to control the spread of plant pests is possible, what reduces economic and ecological damages.
“…Diabrotica speciosa, also called green cow or patriot, has been detected in most crops in South America. In Brazil, the adult pest is considered an important pest infesting some extensive crops, such as soybeans [26], [27]. The pest that prefers the softer leaves and damages plants by eating small round holes in the leaf or making incisions on the leaf edges [12].…”
Section: A Soybean Plants Damages By Caterpillars and Diabrotica Spec...mentioning
We address the soybean leaves infection problem by proposing a robust classification model that can reliably detect infests by Diabrotica speciosa and caterpillars. Our transfer-learning based model uses a VGG19 convolutional neural network to classify the soybean leaves and we achieve balanced accuracies between 93.71 % and 94.16 % on unseen testing data, what sets a new benchmark and outperform previous work using the same dataset. Our work has theoretical and practical implications. The soybean plays a crucial role in the agricultural industry. Infestation of soybeans leads to enormous economic and environmental losses. With our model presented here, an early and accurate detection to control the spread of plant pests is possible, what reduces economic and ecological damages.
“…Similar results have been obtained for South American species. In Brazil, the microbial control of D. speciosa larvae with entomopathogenic fungi or nematodes is considered to have great potential because the soil is a relatively stable environment in terms of temperature and humidity, especially in no-till farming [ 111 ]. Argentine strains of M. anisopliae and B. bassiana killed third instars of D. speciosa in the laboratory [ 112 ].…”
Section: Control Of South American
Diabroticamentioning
The genus Diabrotica has over 400 described species, the majority of them neotropical. However, only three species of neotropical Diabrotica are considered agricultural pests: D. speciosa, D. balteata, and D. viridula. D. speciosa and D. balteata are polyphagous both as adults and during the larval stage. D. viridula are stenophagous during the larval stage, feeding essentially on maize roots, and polyphagous as adults. The larvae of the three species are pests on maize, but D. speciosa larvae also feed on potatoes and peanuts, while D. balteata larvae feed on beans and peanuts. None of these species express a winter/dry season egg diapause, displaying instead several continuous, latitude-mediated generations per year. This hinders the use of crop rotation as a management tool, although early planting can help in the temperate regions of the distribution of D. speciosa. The parasitoids of adults, Celatoria bosqi and Centistes gasseni, do not exert much control on Diabrotica populations, or show potential for inundative biocontrol plans. Management options are limited to insecticide applications and Bt genetically modified (GM) maize. Other techniques that show promise are products using Beauveria bassiana and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, semiochemical attractants for monitoring purposes or as toxic baits, and plant resistance.
“…Laboratory and greenhouse Santos et al [25] Sugar cane borer Fowler [47] evaluated soil samples of 1,532 locations, adding mole crickets of the genera Scapteriscus and Neocurtilla (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) as insect bait, and obtained 18 isolates of S. feltiae and 13 isolates of Heterorhabditis spp. Some authors suggested that those Steinernema isolates may have been misidentified, and in fact they could be Steinernema scapterisci, later described by Nguyen & Smart [48] in 1990.…”
Section: H Amazonensis and Steinernema Glaserimentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In Brazil, this type of application has proved to be effective to control pests on different crops. In greenhouse experiments, the application of aqueous suspensions has been found to be effective against Conotrachelus psidii Marshall (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (guava weevil) [13] , Mahanarva spectabilis (Distant) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) (spittlebug) [86] , Diabrotica speciosa (Germar) (leaf beetle) [25] , Sphenophorus levis Vaurie (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (sugarcane weevil) [16] and Dysmicoccus texensis (Tinsley) (Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae) [19] . With respect to field trials, good results have been obtained against M. fimbriolata (sugarcane root spittlebug) [11] , C. psidii [13] , Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) (fruit fly), Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied.)…”
HIGHLIGHTS• Lauro Travassos in 1927 created genus Steinernema.• Two new species of entomopathogenic nematodes were described.• Studies on ecology, biology, production, formulation and application of native species have been carried out since 2000.
ABSTRACT:In Brazil, the first study with entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) was conducted by Lauro Travassos in 1927, when he created the genus Steineria, that latter was changed to Steinernema. After important meetings and courses, there was a great development of EPNs research in various states by different research groups in Brazil. Many EPN species were isolated throughout the country and two new species described: Heterorhabditis amazonensis and Steinernema brazilense. The behavioral aspects, life cycle and pathogenicity of native EPNs were analyzed. Also their persistence and survival in the soil and the biotic and abiotic factors that may affect their efficiency as biocontrol agents. Due to the particular native species characteristics, production, formulation and application technologies were developed for them. Here in we summarize main Brazilians studies in different areas using EPNs. This is the first review on the subject in Brazil.Keywords: biology, ecology, behavior, production, formulation.Cite as Dolinski C, Monteiro C, Andaló V, Leite LG. Studies on entomopathogenic nematodes in Brazil: past and future. Nematoda. 2017;4:e102017. http://dx
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