Virulence of commercial strains of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) against adult Xylosandrus germanus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and impact on brood

Castrillo, Louela A.; Griggs, Michael H.; Ranger, Christopher M.; Reding, Michael E.; Vandenberg, John D.

doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2011.04.010

Cited by 68 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Diet variations have similarly been tested for rearing a member of the E. fornicatus species complex (Sivapalan & Shivanandarajah, ), showing that cellulose powder, salt mixture and yeast extract were important for members of this group. Similar diets have also been developed for other species of ambrosia beetles (Mizuno & Kajimura, , ; Peer & Taborsky, ; Castrillo et al ., ; Maner et al ., ). Based on a diet for rearing Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford) (Peer & Taborsky, ; Castrillo et al ., ), the diets in the present study were developed using the host tree species from which our beetles were captured, and a mass rearing protocol was successfully established.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The protocol for handling beetles was as described previously by Castrillo et al . (). To allow air exchange in diet tubes but prevent escapes, a hole was drilled into the lid of each diet tube (diameter 4 mm) and a fine stainless steel mesh (200 × 200, 33.6% open area) was secured over the hole using a hot glue gun.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…A sawdust‐based diet was made using methods described in Castrillo et al . (), with some minor modifications (see below). Sawdust from three different tree species was tested.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biology of two members of the Euwallacea fornicatus species complex (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), recently invasive in the U.S.A., reared on an ambrosia beetle artificial diet

Cooperband¹,

Stouthamer

Carrillo

et al. 2016

Agri and Forest Entomology

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Recent molecular studies have found that the ambrosia beetle Euwallacea fornicatus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is a complex of cryptic species, each carrying a different species of symbiotic fungus, in the genus Fusarium, which they farm within galleries inside woody hosts. Several of these beetle species have become invasive pests around the world for attacking and infecting healthy trees with their phytopathogenic fungal symbionts. Diet and rearing protocols were developed for two members of the E. fornicatus species complex, polyphagous shot hole borer (PSHB) and tea shot hole borer (TSHB), using sawdust from host trees, allowing collection of data on beetle biology, phenology and sex ratios. Adults developed within 22 days at 24 °C. Single PSHB or TSHB foundresses averaged 32.4 and 24.7 adult female offspring, respectively, and up to 57 and 68 female adults within 6–7 weeks. A strong predictor of the number of offspring in a colony was the number of entry holes. Average sex ratios (% male) for PSHB and TSHB, respectively, were 7.4% and 7.2%. Being haplodiploid, virgin PSHB foundresses were able to produce and mate with male offspring, then subsequently produce female offspring, confirming that they have arrhenotokous reproduction. A cold tolerance study found significant mortality rates among PSHB colonies exposed to −5° or −1 °C but not colonies exposed to 0°, 1° or 5 °C. Given Hamilton's local mate competition (LMC) theory, a number of LMC predictions were violated. PSHB sex ratios were not affected by the number of foundresses; approximately 14% of broods did not contain males; males did not usually eclose before females but eclosed around the same time (22–23 days); and PSHB males were found walking outside of their natal galleries on the trunk of a heavily infested tree in the field. Alternatives to LMC are considered, such as early forms of sociality (maternal care, cooperative brood care), local resource enhancement and kin selection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Biology of two members of the Euwallacea fornicatus species complex (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), recently invasive in the U.S.A., reared on an ambrosia beetle artificial diet

Cooperband¹,

Stouthamer

Carrillo

et al. 2016

Agri and Forest Entomology

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“…Biological control using entomopathogenic fungi has been successful for managing bark beetle pests of economic importance worldwide and could also play a relevant role in the management of ambrosia beetles in avocados, as well [12,13,14,15,16]. Carrillo et al [15] found that the fungal product BotaniGard ® ES containing the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) had the highest efficacy and percentage mycosis compared to other fungal products tested against the red bay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff, under laboratory conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spore Acquisition and Survival of Ambrosia Beetles Associated with the Laurel Wilt Pathogen in Avocados after Exposure to Entomopathogenic Fungi

Avery

Bojorque

Gámez

et al. 2018

Insects

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Laurel wilt is a disease threatening the avocado industry in Florida. The causative agent of the disease is a fungus vectored by ambrosia beetles that bore into the trees. Until recently, management strategies for the vectors of the laurel wilt fungus relied solely on chemical control and sanitation practices. Beneficial entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are the most common and prevalent natural enemies of pathogen vectors. Laboratory experiments demonstrated that commercial strains of EPF can increase the mortality of the primary vector, Xyleborus glabratus, and potential alternative vectors, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, Xyleborus volvulus and Xyleborus bispinatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Our study provides baseline data for three formulated commercially-available entomopathogenic fungi used as potential biocontrol agents against X. crassiusculus, X. volvulus and X. bispinatus. The specific objectives were to determine: (1) the mean number of viable spores acquired per beetle species adult after being exposed to formulated fungal products containing different strains of EPF (Isaria fumosorosea, Metarhizium brunneum and Beauveria bassiana); and (2) the median and mean survival times using paper disk bioassays. Prior to being used in experiments, all fungal suspensions were adjusted to 2.4 × 106 viable spores/mL. The number of spores acquired by X. crassiusculus was significantly higher after exposure to B. bassiana, compared to the other fungal treatments. For X. volvulus, the numbers of spores acquired per beetle were significantly different amongst the different fungal treatments, and the sequence of spore acquisition rates on X. volvulus from highest to lowest was I. fumosorosea > M. brunneum > B. bassiana. After X. bispinatus beetles were exposed to the different suspensions, the rates of acquisition of spores per beetle amongst the different fungal treatments were similar. Survival estimates (data pooled across two tests) indicated an impact for each entomopathogenic fungus per beetle species after exposure to a filter paper disk treated at the same fungal suspension concentration. Kaplan–Meier analysis (censored at day 7) revealed that each beetle species survived significantly shorter in bioassays containing disks treated with EPF compared to water only. This study demonstrated that ambrosia beetles associated with the laurel wilt pathogen in avocados are susceptible to infection by EPF under laboratory conditions. However, the EPF needs to be tested under field conditions to confirm their efficacy against the beetles.

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“…This result agrees with the informed by . Some studies suggest that control of Curculionidae insect pests should be focused on egg and larval stages, since the action of the entomopathogen would be faster than when applied on adults (Gindin et al, 2006); on the other hand, applications on female adults, as in Xylosandrus germanus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), would have the advantage of an effect on the next generation, resulting on smaller individuals that acquire the entomopathogenic infection (Castrillo et al, 2011). …”

Section: Pathogenicity Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular, morphological and pathogenic characterization of six strains of Metarhizium spp. (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) for the control of Aegorhinus superciliosus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Sepúlveda

Vargas²,

Gerding³

et al. 2016

Chilean J. Agric. Res.

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Virulence of commercial strains of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) against adult Xylosandrus germanus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and impact on brood

Cited by 68 publications

References 19 publications

Biology of two members of the Euwallacea fornicatus species complex (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), recently invasive in the U.S.A., reared on an ambrosia beetle artificial diet

Biology of two members of the Euwallacea fornicatus species complex (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), recently invasive in the U.S.A., reared on an ambrosia beetle artificial diet

Spore Acquisition and Survival of Ambrosia Beetles Associated with the Laurel Wilt Pathogen in Avocados after Exposure to Entomopathogenic Fungi

Molecular, morphological and pathogenic characterization of six strains of Metarhizium spp. (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) for the control of Aegorhinus superciliosus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

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