Virulence Markers and Antifungal Susceptibility Profile of Candida glabrata: An Emerging Pathogen

Deorukhkar, Sachin Chandrakant

doi:10.9734/bmrj/2014/5806

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…C. glabrata has been increasingly reported in disseminated infections in recent years [2]. In our study, C. glabrata was the predominant species of Candida isolated from cases of candidemia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Non-albicans CandidaInfection: An Emerging Threat

Deorukhkar

Saini

Mathew

2014

Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases

182

159

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The very nature of infectious diseases has undergone profound changes in the past few decades. Fungi once considered as nonpathogenic or less virulent are now recognized as a primary cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised and severely ill patients. Candida spp. are among the most common fungal pathogens. Candida albicans was the predominant cause of candidiasis. However, a shift toward non-albicans Candida species has been recently observed. These non-albicans Candida species demonstrate reduced susceptibility to commonly used antifungal drugs. In the present study, we investigated the prevalence of non-albicans Candida spp. among Candida isolates from various clinical specimens and analysed their virulence factors and antifungal susceptibility profile. A total of 523 Candida spp. were isolated from various clinical specimens. Non-albicans Candida species were the predominant pathogens isolated. Non-albicans Candida species also demonstrated the production of virulence factors once attributed to Candida albicans. Non-albicans Candida demonstrated high resistance to azole group of antifungal agents. Therefore, it can be concluded that non-albicans Candida species have emerged as an important cause of infections. Their isolation from clinical specimen can no longer be ignored as a nonpathogenic isolate nor can it be dismissed as a contaminant.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Non-albicans CandidaInfection: An Emerging Threat

Deorukhkar

Saini

Mathew

2014

Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases

182

159

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“…A Pz value of 1 denoted no phospholipase activity; Pz < 1 indicated phospholipase production by the isolate. The lower the Pz value, the higher the phospholipase activity [ 11 ]. To minimize experimental error, the assay was conducted in duplicate on three separate occasions for each isolate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Presence of visible adherent film on the wall and at the bottom of the tube indicated biofilm formation. Ring formation at the liquid interface was not considered as an indication of biofilm production [ 11 ]. Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 35984 and C. albicans ATCC 10231 were used as positive and negative controls, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence Factors Contributing to Pathogenicity ofCandida tropicalisand Its Antifungal Susceptibility Profile

Deorukhkar

Saini

Mathew

2014

International Journal of Microbiology

123

110

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The incidence of invasive candidiasis has increased over the past few decades. Although Candida albicans remains by far the most common species encountered, in recent years shift towards non-albicans Candida species like Candida tropicalis is noted. Here in this study we determined the virulence factors and antifungal susceptibility profile of 125 C. tropicalis isolated from various clinical specimens. Biofilm formation was seen in 53 (42.4%) isolates. Coagulase production was noted in 18 (14.4%) isolates. Phospholipase enzyme was the major virulent factor produced by C. tropicalis isolates. A total of 39 biofilm forming isolates showed phospholipase activity. Proteinase activity was demonstrated by 65 (52%) isolates. A total of 38 (30.4%) isolates showed haemolytic activity. Maximum isolates demonstrated resistance to fluconazole. Fluconazole resistance was more common in C. tropicalis isolated from blood cultures. Antifungal resistance was more in isolates possessing the ability to produce phospholipase and biofilm. C. tropicalis exhibit a great degree of variation not only in their pathogenicity but also in their antifungal susceptibility profile. The identification of virulence attributes specific for each species and their correlation with each other will aid in the understanding of the pathogenesis of infection.

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“…32 In our study among C. glabrata, 75% were isolated from oral swabs and 25% from sputum whereas a study reported the isolation of C. glabrata mainly from blood culture (36%) and urine (29.7%). 33 C. parapsilosis was isolated from oral swabs (80%) and sputum (20%) in our patients and C. tropicalis was isolated from oral swabs (55%), sputum (22%), urine (11%), blood (11%) whereas a study by Anwar et al 20125 reported C. parapsilosis to be isolated from oral swabs (66%) and skin (33%) and C. tropicalis from oral swabs (57%), blood (27%) and stool (14.3%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological profile of candidiasis in HIV/AIDS patients in a tertiary care hospital

Dhakad¹,

Kaur²,

Goyal³

et al. 2020

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Background: Clinical research in fungal infections is largely a neglected area in health care settings in India. Candida species cause diseases ranging from mucosal infections to systemic mycoses depending on host’s immune status. Aim of this study was to evaluate the clinico-epidemiological profile of candidiasis, and their correlation with an immunological profile in HIV/AIDS patients.Methods: Clinical details and investigations of 200 symptomatic, confirmed HIV-positive patients, suspected of having candidiasis were recorded and analyzed. Relevant clinical samples depending on the organ system involved were collected and subjected to direct microscopy, culture isolation and serology. Identification and speciation of the isolates was done by biochemical methods as per standard recommended procedures. CD4-count was determined by flow cytometry using Fluorescent Activated Cell Sorter Count system.Results: Patients ranged from 17-65 years with a mean age of 33.83±9.07 years. Most common clinical presentations were seen to be white oral patches (82%), weight loss (79%), fever (67%), loss of appetite (53%), headache (51.5%), cough (38.5%) and diarrhea (30%). Gastrointestinal system (35%) was the most commonly involved system. The CD4-counts ranged from 16-1033 cells/μl. 93 (46.5%) patients had CD4-counts <200 cells/μl, while CD4-count <100 cells/μl was seen in 40 (20%) and CD4-count <50 cells/μl in 20 (10%). Candidiasis was detected in 60% of the patients. Yeasts isolated were C. albicans (82.51%), C. tropicalis (6.29%), C. krusei (4.89%), C. parapsilosis (3.49%), and C. glabrata (2.79%).Conclusions: C. albicans was predominant species and presence of oral candidiasis is a matter of concern. Early and accurate diagnosis of candidiasis is one of the keys helps for the success of effective HIV/AIDS disease management.

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Virulence Markers and Antifungal Susceptibility Profile of Candida glabrata: An Emerging Pathogen

Abstract: Aims: To study virulence factors and antifungal susceptibility profile of C. glabrata isolated from various clinical specimens. Study Design: A total of 175 C. glabrata spp. isolated from various clinical specimens were included in the study.

Cited by 15 publications

References 19 publications

Non-albicans CandidaInfection: An Emerging Threat

Non-albicans CandidaInfection: An Emerging Threat

Virulence Factors Contributing to Pathogenicity ofCandida tropicalisand Its Antifungal Susceptibility Profile

Epidemiological profile of candidiasis in HIV/AIDS patients in a tertiary care hospital

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