Virulence genes and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella recovered from a wet market in Thailand

Abstract

Salmonella is an important foodborne pathogen, which is often found on chicken meat and various sites in wet markets in Southeast Asia, thus requiring close monitoring for effective control measures. In this study, 130 samples from chicken meat, environment, and wastewater from three chicken meat stalls at a wet market were tested for Salmonella spp. For stall A, B, and C, 20 (44.4%), 8 (17.4%), and 9 (23.1%) samples were positive for Salmonella, respectively. In this study, Salmonella was often detected on working tables, scales, cutting board, knives, and bucket, suggesting important food contact equipment that typically links to the presence of Salmonella at local stalls or retails. This equipment should be emphasized for the improved control measures to minimize Salmonella contamination. Using the nine virulence genes (sipB, prgH, spaN, orgA, tolC, sitC, sifA, cdtB, and sopB, pattern IV (sifA and cdtB negative) was a predominant pattern. Most Salmonella isolates (n = 42) were resistant to tetracycline, but none showed resistance to ceftriaxone. Data suggest potential sources of Salmonella, including chicken and several environmental sites at a wet market. This could be of a public health concern as multiple patterns of virulence genes and multidrug resistance were observed. Practical applications Salmonella spp. are commonly found on chicken meat sold at a retail level and, commonly in Southeast Asia, at wet markets where chicken carcasses are processed. This could be a typical source of Salmonella contamination, thus requiring close monitoring for effective control measures. Information obtained from this study reported the distribution and characteristics regarding the presence of virulence genes and antibiotic resistance. This will help effective implementation for ensuring food safety at the wet markets. This is also a useful tool for market management to further minimize the spread of some Salmonella isolates shown to be multidrug resistance that is found in chicken and several environmental sites at a wet market.

Isolation and Characterization of Potential Salmonella Phages Targeting Multidrug-Resistant and Major Serovars of Salmonella Derived From Broiler Production Chain in Thailand

“…Poultry meat and its products have served as major sources of Salmonella spp., which have caused human and animal diseases as well as economic losses to the poultry industry (Barbour et al, 2015). In Thailand, Salmonella contamination in broilers and poultry meat has been previously reported (Sripaurya et al, 2019). Although Salmonella contamination in broiler farms (at the beginning of the poultry production chain) is commonly reported, Dookeran et al (2012) observed that broiler carcass contamination with Salmonella spp.…”

Virulence and antimicrobial resistance profile of non-typhoidalSalmonella entericaserovars recovered from poultry processing environments at wet markets in Dhaka, Bangladesh

“…The whole chicken carcass, vendor, and consumer may be infected with Salmonella due to poor sanitary and hygienic practices. Even there is a great scope to spread and transmission of Salmonella enterica serovars in the agricultural food chain in the wet markets as most products are sold at ambient temperature and exposed to the environment (Sripaurya et al, 2019). A preceding study stated the incidence of Salmonella in various sites of the wet markets indicated a cause of cross-contamination in meat during selling through food contact surfaces or equipment (Nidaullah et al, 2017).…”

Rapid quantification of coliforms in ready‐to‐eat foods using lateral‐flow immunochromatographic assay

“…In contrast, coliforms are considered appropriate safety indicators for RTE meat products. Salmonella strains colonize chickens with a probability of 17 to 44% (Sripaurya, Ngasaman, Benjakul, & Vongkamjan, 2019). Although this foodborne pathogen is usually killed by heating, it can survive if the heating conditions are inadequate (JFHA, 2015).…”