Virulence Gene Expression Is Independent of ResDE-Regulated Respiration Control in<i>Bacillus anthracis</i>

Wilson, Adam C.; Hoch, James A.; Perego, Marta

doi:10.1128/jb.00312-08

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In B. cereus, ResDE acts as an anaerobic redox regulator to regulate fermentative metabolism and enterotoxin expression (53). The inactivation of resD in Bacillus anthracis blocks sporulation; however, its function in regulating the expression of toxin biosynthesis is unsettled (229,232). Two independent groups constructed B. anthracis ResD mutants (also known as BrrA) and produced conflicting results regarding the effects on toxin biosynthesis (229,232).…”

Section: Srrabmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inactivation of resD in Bacillus anthracis blocks sporulation; however, its function in regulating the expression of toxin biosynthesis is unsettled (229,232). Two independent groups constructed B. anthracis ResD mutants (also known as BrrA) and produced conflicting results regarding the effects on toxin biosynthesis (229,232). A study by Vetter and Schleivert demonstrated that the inactivation of BrrA dramatically reduced the synthesis of lethal factor, edema factor, and protective antigen; however, the group led by Perego failed to observe a decrease in protective antigen synthesis (229,232).…”

Section: Srrabmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two independent groups constructed B. anthracis ResD mutants (also known as BrrA) and produced conflicting results regarding the effects on toxin biosynthesis (229,232). A study by Vetter and Schleivert demonstrated that the inactivation of BrrA dramatically reduced the synthesis of lethal factor, edema factor, and protective antigen; however, the group led by Perego failed to observe a decrease in protective antigen synthesis (229,232). In staphylococci, the ResDE homolog is known as the staphylococcal respiratory response (SrrAB, also known as SrhSR) (221,238).…”

Section: Srrabmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

At the Crossroads of Bacterial Metabolism and Virulence Factor Synthesis in Staphylococci

Somerville

Proctor

2009

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

327

348

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY Bacteria live in environments that are subject to rapid changes in the availability of the nutrients that are necessary to provide energy and biosynthetic intermediates for the synthesis of macromolecules. Consequently, bacterial survival depends on the ability of bacteria to regulate the expression of genes coding for enzymes required for growth in the altered environment. In pathogenic bacteria, adaptation to an altered environment often includes activating the transcription of virulence genes; hence, many virulence genes are regulated by environmental and nutritional signals. Consistent with this observation, the regulation of most, if not all, virulence determinants in staphylococci is mediated by environmental and nutritional signals. Some of these external signals can be directly transduced into a regulatory response by two-component regulators such as SrrAB; however, other external signals require transduction into intracellular signals. Many of the external environmental and nutritional signals that regulate virulence determinant expression can also alter bacterial metabolic status (e.g., iron limitation). Altering the metabolic status results in the transduction of external signals into intracellular metabolic signals that can be “sensed” by regulatory proteins (e.g., CodY, Rex, and GlnR). This review uses information derived primarily using Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli to articulate how gram-positive pathogens, with emphasis on Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, regulate virulence determinant expression in response to a changing environment.

show abstract

Section: Srrabmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Srrabmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Srrabmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

At the Crossroads of Bacterial Metabolism and Virulence Factor Synthesis in Staphylococci

Somerville

Proctor

2009

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

327

348

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…B. cereus strains harboring gene promoter fusions on the replicative vector pTCV-lac or pAW325 were grown at 37°C in LB supplemented with the appropriate antibiotics. ␤-Galactosidase activity was assayed as described previously, and specific activity was expressed in Miller units (37,38).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytochromec₅₅₁and the CytochromecMaturation Pathway Affect Virulence Gene Expression in Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579

Han¹,

Sullivan²,

Wilson³

2014

J. Bacteriol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Loss of the cytochrome c maturation system in Bacillus cereus results in increased transcription of the major enterotoxin genes nhe, hbl, and cytK and the virulence regulator plcR. Increased virulence factor production occurs at 37°C under aerobic conditions, similar to previous findings in Bacillus anthracis. Unlike B. anthracis, much of the increased virulence gene expression can be attributed to loss of only c 551 , one of the two small c-type cytochromes. Additional virulence factor expression occurs with loss of resBC, encoding cytochrome c maturation proteins, independently of the presence of the c-type cytochrome genes. Hemolytic activity of strains missing either cccB or resBC is increased relative to that in the parental strain, while sporulation efficiency is unaffected in the mutants. Increased virulence gene expression in the ⌬cccB and ⌬resBC mutants occurs only in the presence of an intact plcR gene, indicating that this process is PlcR dependent. These findings suggest a new mode of regulation of B. cereus virulence and reveal intriguing similarities and differences in virulence regulation between B. cereus and B. anthracis.

show abstract

“…For example, the Spo0 histidine kinase phosphorelay signal transduction pathway regulates transitions from vegetative bacilli to spores (3,35). Other histidine kinase signaling pathways include the stress response pathway, mediated by B (13), and the ResDE two-component respiration pathway (38,41). However, little is known about the role of reversible serine/threonine phosphorylation systems in B. anthracis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoregulatory Characteristics of a Bacillus anthracis Serine/Threonine Kinase

Bryant-Hudson

Shakir

Ballard

2011

Journal of Bacteriology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BA-Stk1 is a serine/threonine kinase (STK) expressed by Bacillus anthracis. In previous studies, we found that BA-Stk1 activity is modulated through dephosphorylation by a partner phosphatase, BA-Stp1. In this study, we identified critical phosphorylation regions of BA-Stk1 and determined the contributions of these phosphodomains to autophosphorylation and substrate phosphorylation. The data indicate that BA-Stk1 undergoes trans-autophosphorylation within a regulatory domain, referred to as the activation loop, which carries eight putative regulatory serine and threonine residues. We identified activation loop mutants that impacted kinase activity in three different manners: regulation of autophosphorylation (T162), regulation of substrate phosphorylation (T159 and S169), and regulation of overall kinase activity (T163). Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis of the phosphorylation profile of each mutant revealed a second site of phosphorylation on the kinase that was influenced by the phosphorylation status of the activation loop. This second region of the kinase contained a single phosphorylation residue, S214. Previous work has shown S214 to be necessary for downstream substrate phosphorylation, and we have shown that this residue is subject to dephosphorylation by BA-Stp1. These findings indicate a connection between the phosphorylation status of the activation loop and phosphorylation of S214, and this suggests a previously undescribed model for how a bacterial STK shifts from a state of autophosphorylation to targeting downstream substrates.

show abstract

Virulence Gene Expression Is Independent of ResDE-Regulated Respiration Control inBacillus anthracis

Cited by 16 publications

References 28 publications

At the Crossroads of Bacterial Metabolism and Virulence Factor Synthesis in Staphylococci

At the Crossroads of Bacterial Metabolism and Virulence Factor Synthesis in Staphylococci

Cytochromec₅₅₁and the CytochromecMaturation Pathway Affect Virulence Gene Expression in Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579

Autoregulatory Characteristics of a Bacillus anthracis Serine/Threonine Kinase

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Virulence Gene Expression Is Independent of ResDE-Regulated Respiration Control inBacillus anthracis

Cited by 16 publications

References 28 publications

At the Crossroads of Bacterial Metabolism and Virulence Factor Synthesis in Staphylococci

At the Crossroads of Bacterial Metabolism and Virulence Factor Synthesis in Staphylococci

Cytochromec551and the CytochromecMaturation Pathway Affect Virulence Gene Expression in Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579

Autoregulatory Characteristics of a Bacillus anthracis Serine/Threonine Kinase

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Cytochromec₅₅₁and the CytochromecMaturation Pathway Affect Virulence Gene Expression in Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579