Virulence Factors of Escherichia coli from Cellulitis or Colisepticemia Lesions in Chickens

Jeffrey, J. S.; Nolan, Lisa K.; Tonooka, K. H.; Wolfe, S.; Giddings, Catherine W.; Horne, Shelley M.; Foley, Steven L.; Lynne, Aaron M.; Ebert, J.; Elijah, L.M.; Björklund, G.; Pfaff-McDonough, Samantha J.; Singer, Randall S.; Doetkott, Curt

doi:10.1637/0005-2086(2002)046[0048:vfoecf]2.0.co;2

Cited by 32 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…E. coli infections are often considered opportunistic whenever the bacteria of concern display great genetic variation. Limited genetic diversity of E. coli bacteria has been reported associated with acute haemorrhagic septicaemia in turkeys (Olsen et al, 2011a), in E. coli septicaemia lesions following cellulitis in chickens (Jeffrey et al, 2002) and in EPS cases found in free-range layer flocks (Olsen et al, 2011b). Also in the present study, limited genetic variation amongst E. coli colonies from bone marrow of laying hens with EPS was found.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…In some cases, however, E. coli was obtained from well-defined disease and lesions. Examples of such research are a study performed by Olsen et al (2011a) in which the clonality and virulence traits of E. coli associated with haemorrhagic septicaemia in turkeys was examined, studies concerning avian cellulitis (Singer et al, 2000;Jeffrey et al, 2002) and research on MLST and plasmid profile characterization of APEC associated with increased mortality in layers (Olsen et al, 2011b). In the present study we examined E. coli bacteria that also originated from welldefined disease outbreaks and lesions; that is, outbreaks of EPS in laying hens and in which only E. coli bacteria obtained from bone marrow were typed using PFGE and MLST.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular typing of avian pathogenicEscherichia colicolonies originating from outbreaks ofE. coliperitonitis syndrome in chicken flocks

et al. 2014

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Escherichia coli colonies isolated from the bone marrow of fresh dead hens of laying flocks with the E. coli peritonitis syndrome (EPS) were genotyped using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Typing is important from an epidemiological point of view and also if the use of autogenous (auto)vaccines is considered. Birds with EPS originated from one house of each of three layer farms and one broiler breeder farm. Farms were considered as separate epidemiological units. In total, six flocks were examined including two successive flocks of one layer farm and the broiler breeder farm. E. coli colonies (one per bird) from nine to 16 hens of each flock were genotyped. The clonality of E. coli within birds was studied using five colonies of each of nine to 14 birds per flock. E. coli genotypes, which totalled 15, differed between farms and flocks except for two successive layer flocks that shared three genotypes. One to five genotypes were found per flock with one or two genotypes dominating each outbreak. Within hens, E. coli bacteria were always clonal. Colonies of the same PFGE type always had the same multilocus sequence type. However, four PFGE types shared sequence type 95. Neither PFGE types nor multilocus sequence types were unambiguously related to avian pathogenic E. coli from EPS. In cases where persistence of E. coli strains associated with EPS is found to occur frequently, routine genotyping to select strains for autovaccines should be considered.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular typing of avian pathogenicEscherichia colicolonies originating from outbreaks ofE. coliperitonitis syndrome in chicken flocks

et al. 2014

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“…Several recent studies have identified iss as occurring commonly among APEC isolates, associated with the presence of a ColV/BM virulence plasmid (19,21,28,44,47,57,58). However, some recent studies involving human E. coli have reported conflicting results regarding the prevalence of iss among different E. coli populations (1,5,20,46,47,53).…”

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confidence: 99%

Evolution of the iss Gene in Escherichia coli

Johnson

Wannemuehler

Nolan

2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

130

102

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The increased serum survival gene iss has long been recognized for its role in extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) virulence. iss has been identified as a distinguishing trait of avian ExPEC but not of human ExPEC. This gene has been localized to large virulence plasmids and shares strong similarities with the bor gene from bacteriophage . Here, we demonstrate that three alleles of iss occur among E. coli isolates that appear to have evolved from a common bor precursor. In addition to the occurrence of iss on the ColV/BM virulence plasmids, at least two iss alleles occur within the E. coli chromosome. One of these alleles (designated type 3) was found to occur in the genomes of all currently sequenced ExPEC strains on a similar prophage element that also harbors the Sit iron and manganese transport system. When the prevalence of the three iss types was examined among 487 E. coli isolates, the iss type 3 gene was found to occur at a high frequency among ExPEC isolates, irrespective of the host source. The plasmid-borne iss allele (designated type 1) was highly prevalent among avian pathogenic E. coli and neonatal meningitis-associated E. coli isolates but not among uropathogenic E. coli isolates. This study demonstrates the evolution of iss in E. coli and provides an additional tool for discriminating among E. coli pathotypes through the differentiation of the three iss allele types and bor.

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“…Serum resistance VGs enable the bacteria to survive outside the gastrointestinal tract and overcome the host defence mechanisms (Johnson et al, 2002b;Lynne et al, 2007;Miajlovic and Smith, 2014;Rocha et al, 2008;Tivendale et al, 2004). These VGs are frequently associated with septicaemia as they assist the bacteria in avoiding being killed by the essential defence mechanisms present in the blood, including complement, antimicrobial peptides and other serum components (Boerlin and Reid-Smith, 2008;Jacobson et al, 1992;Jeffrey et al, 2002;Nolan et al, 2003). Several investigations have reported serum resistance VGs are widespread among APEC in comparison with AFEC and have suggested that these VGs contribute to APEC pathogenicity (Delicato et al, 2003;Dozois et al, 1992;Dziva and Stevens, 2008;Lynne et al, 2007;Mellata et al, 2003;Mellata et al, 2012;Nolan et al, 2002;Ozawa et al, 2008;Rocha et al, 2008;Rodriguez-Siek et al, 2005a;Skyberg et al, 2008;Tivendale et al, 2004;Wooley et al, 1992;Yaguchi et al, 2007;Yang et al, 2004;Zhao et al, 2005).…”

Section: Serum Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several VGs have been linked with serum resistance mechanisms and the association of each of the serum resistance VGs with APEC pathogenicity mechanisms have also been independently studied (Nakazato et al, 2009;Rocha et al, 2008). However, limited information is known in regards to the presence of different serum resistance VG combinations and their contribution to APEC pathogenicity (Jeffrey et al, 2002;Nolan et al, 2002;Nolan et al, 2003;Sello, 2012).…”

Section: Serum Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in commercial broiler chicken in South East Queensland

Awawdeh¹,

Turni²,

Henning³

et al.

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Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is the causative agent of avian colibacillosis, a localised or systemic infection resulting in clinical diseases such as colisepticemia, chronic respiratory disease and swollen-head syndrome. Globally, avian colibacillosis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in poultry, and it has been associated with massive economic losses and welfare problems.This organism is of public health significance as APEC is communicable to humans. The diagnosis of avian colibacillosis relies on clinical signs, typical pathological lesions and culture of E. coli from affected tissue(s). Antimicrobial therapy is often used both for treatment and control. Previous overseas studies have characterised APEC and identified virulence genes (VGs) that can be used as molecular markers for the identification of APEC. Little is known about APEC in broiler chickens in Australia.The aim of this thesis was to gain a better understanding of the epidemiology of APEC in Australian broiler flocks and how factors including presence of VGs and phylogenetic group can improve the identification of this pathotype in Australia. Firstly, three faecal DNA extraction methods were evaluated. Faeces were collected from healthy chickens and chickens with colibacillosis from commercial broiler farms in South East Queensland (SEQ). The extracted DNA was screened by a pentaplex-PCR for five APEC-associated VGs (iroN, iutA, iss, hlyF and ompT). DNA extracted from E. coli isolates cultured from the cloaca and organs of the birds were screened using the same PCR.Repeated bead beating plus column elution was the preferred DNA extraction method, as it yielded good PCR quality and adequate quantity DNA. However, identifying APEC by direct detection of the five VGs from the faecal material was not feasible as all of these genes were also detected in all of the birds. However, the VGs were more commonly detected in E. coli isolates cultured from birds with colibacillosis.A cross-sectional study was performed to estimate APEC farm-level prevalence in healthy broiler chickens in SEQ and to identify potential risk factors associated with the carriage of APEC. At the farm-level, all of the 40 farms sampled were positive for APEC, that is at least one bird per farm carried APEC, while the within-farm prevalence was 63% (95% Confidence Interval: 55.8, 70.2).Higher APEC within-farm bird-level prevalence was significantly associated with the usage of well water as a source of drinking water, failure to disinfect the water line after each flock, farm visitors not showering before entering the shed, distances greater than 20 metres between the car park and the poultry shed and the presence of wild birds within 50 metres of the shed. Chlorinating the drinking water combined with automatic water filtration reduced within-farm bird-level APEC prevalence. Page | 3Therefore, based on the results concluded from the multivariable model, improving biosecurity and water treatments might reduce APEC prevalence, decrease the risk of co...

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Virulence Factors of Escherichia coli from Cellulitis or Colisepticemia Lesions in Chickens

Cited by 32 publications

References 18 publications

Molecular typing of avian pathogenicEscherichia colicolonies originating from outbreaks ofE. coliperitonitis syndrome in chicken flocks

Molecular typing of avian pathogenicEscherichia colicolonies originating from outbreaks ofE. coliperitonitis syndrome in chicken flocks

Evolution of the iss Gene in Escherichia coli

Studies on avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in commercial broiler chicken in South East Queensland

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