Virulence Factors in Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans Biofilms Mediated by Farnesol

Fernandes, Rosa Áurea Quintella; Monteiro, Douglas Roberto; Arias, Laís Salomão; Fernandes, Gabriela Lopes; Delbem, Alberto Carlos Botazzo; Barbosa, Débora de Barros

doi:10.1007/s12088-018-0714-4

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…aspartyl protease production in C. albicans. In this study, farnesol exposure resulted in significantly higher phospholipase activity for C. albicans, which is line with results reported by Fernandes et al (2018). However, it did not enhance the production of these enzymes in experiments with C. auris.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

In vitro and in vivo Effect of Exogenous Farnesol Exposure Against Candida auris

et al. 2020

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The spreading of multidrug-resistant Candida auris is considered as an emerging global health threat. The number of effective therapeutic regimens is strongly limited; therefore, development of novel strategies is needed. Farnesol is a quorum-sensing molecule with a potential antifungal and/or adjuvant effect; it may be a promising candidate in alternative treatment against Candida species including C. auris. To examine the effect of farnesol on C. auris, we performed experiments focusing on growth, biofilm production ability, production of enzymes related to oxidative stress, triazole susceptibility and virulence. Concentrations ranging from 100 to 300 µM farnesol caused a significant growth inhibition against C. auris planktonic cells for 24 h (p < 0.01-0.05). Farnesol treatment showed a concentration dependent inhibition in terms of biofilm forming ability of C. auris; however, it did not inhibit significantly the biofilm development at 24 h. Nevertheless, the metabolic activity of adhered farnesol pre-exposed cells (75 µM) was significantly diminished at 24 h depending on farnesol treatment during biofilm formation (p < 0.001-0.05). Moreover, 300 µM farnesol exerted a marked decrease in metabolic activity against one-day-old biofilms between 2 and 24 h (p < 0.001). Farnesol increased the production of reactive species remarkably, as revealed by 2 ,7-dichlorofluorescein (DCF) assay {3.96 ± 0.89 [nmol DCF (OD 640) −1 ] and 23.54 ± 4.51 [nmol DCF (OD 640) −1 ] for untreated cells and farnesol exposed cells, respectively; p < 0.001}. This was in line with increased superoxide dismutase level {85.69 ± 5.42 [munit (mg protein) −1 ] and 170.11 ± 17.37 [munit (mg protein) −1 ] for untreated cells and farnesol exposed cells, respectively; p < 0.001}, but the catalase level remained statistically comparable between treated and untreated cells (p > 0.05). Concerning virulence-related enzymes, exposure to 75 µM farnesol did not influence phospholipase or aspartic proteinase activity (p > 0.05). The interaction between fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, isavuconazole and farnesol showed clear synergism (FICI ranges from 0.038 to 0.375) against one-day-old biofilms. Regarding in vivo experiments, daily 75 µM farnesol treatment decreased the

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

In vitro and in vivo Effect of Exogenous Farnesol Exposure Against Candida auris

et al. 2020

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“…Farnesol treatment may induce Candida apoptosis, disordered mitochondria due to the production of reactive oxygen species [11,38], change in cell development [39], and necrosis [40]. Although farnesol caused inhibition of biofilm formed by single C. albicans species, as previously reported [41,42], it did not reduce the biofilm formed by mixed species. The presence of bacteria is known to increase the resistance of such biofilms [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Optimum Inhibition of Amphotericin-B-Resistant Candida albicans Strain in Single- and Mixed-Species Biofilms by Candida and Non-Candida Terpenoids

et al. 2020

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Candida albicans is one of the most common human fungal pathogens and represents the most important cause of opportunistic mycoses worldwide. Surgical devices including catheters are easily contaminated with C. albicans via its formation of drug-resistant biofilms. In this study, amphotericin-B-resistant C. albicans strains were isolated from surgical devices at an intensive care center. The objective of this study was to develop optimized effective inhibitory treatment of resistant C. albicans by terpenoids, known to be produced naturally as protective signals. Endogenously produced farnesol by C. albicans yeast and plant terpenoids, carvacrol, and cuminaldehyde were tested separately or in combination on amphotericin-B-resistant C. albicans in either single- or mixed-infections. The results showed that farnesol did not inhibit hyphae formation when associated with bacteria. Carvacrol and cuminaldehyde showed variable inhibitory effects on C. albicans yeast compared to hyphae formation. A combination of farnesol with carvacrol showed synergistic inhibitory activities not only on C. albicans yeast and hyphae, but also on biofilms formed from single- and mixed-species and at reduced doses. The combined terpenoids also showed biofilm-penetration capability. The aforementioned terpenoid combination will not only be useful in the treatment of different resistant Candida forms, but also in the safe prevention of biofilm formation.

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“…e effect of microbial diversity and the interactions in microbial communities cannot be ignored. For example, with respect to the interaction between Candida albicans and oral streptococci, the overuse of broad antibiotics or antibacterial agents occasionally causes the overgrowth of fungi, such as C. albicans, in the oral cavity [127][128][129]. C. albicans is also found in dental carries lesions among children and the elderly and plays an important role in the development of dental carries [130][131][132][133][134].…”

Section: Consideration Of Microbial Interactions In Dental Plaquementioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Antibiotics/Antimicrobial Agents on Dental Caries

Qiu

Zhou

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

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Dental caries is the most common oral disease. The bacteriological aetiology of dental caries promotes the use of antibiotics or antimicrobial agents to prevent this type of oral infectious disease. Antibiotics have been developed for more than 80 years since Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928, and systemic antibiotics have been used to treat dental caries for a long time. However, new types of antimicrobial agents have been developed to fight against dental caries. The purpose of this review is to focus on the application of systemic antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents with respect to their clinical use to date, including the history of their development, and their side effects, uses, structure types, and molecular mechanisms to promote a better understanding of the importance of microbial interactions in dental plaque and combinational treatments.

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Virulence Factors in Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans Biofilms Mediated by Farnesol

Cited by 22 publications

References 38 publications

In vitro and in vivo Effect of Exogenous Farnesol Exposure Against Candida auris

In vitro and in vivo Effect of Exogenous Farnesol Exposure Against Candida auris

Optimum Inhibition of Amphotericin-B-Resistant Candida albicans Strain in Single- and Mixed-Species Biofilms by Candida and Non-Candida Terpenoids

Application of Antibiotics/Antimicrobial Agents on Dental Caries

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