Virulence Determinants and Antimicrobial Profiles of Pasteurella multocida Isolated from Cattle and Humans in Egypt

Abstract

Pasteurella multocida is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes drastic infections in cattle and humans. In this study, 55 isolates were recovered from 115 nasal swabs from apparently healthy and diseased cattle and humans in Minufiya and Qalyubia, Egypt. These isolates were confirmed by kmt1 existence, and molecular classification of the capsular types showed that types B, D, and E represented 23/55 (41.8%), 21/55 (38.1%), and 11/55 (20.0%), respectively. The isolates were screened for five virulence genes with hgbA, hgbB, and ptfA detected in 28/55 (50.9%), 30/55 (54.5%), and 25/55 (45.5%), respectively. We detected 17 capsular and virulence gene combinations with a discriminatory power (DI) of 0.9286; the most prevalent profiles were dcbF type D and dcbF type D, hgbA, hgbB, and ptfA, which represented 8/55 (14.5%) each. These strains exhibited high ranges of multiple antimicrobial resistance indices; the lowest resistances were against chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and levofloxacin. The macrolide–lincosamide–streptogramin B methylase gene erm(Q), with erm(42) encoding MLSB monomethyltransferase, mph(E) encoding a macrolide efflux pump, and msr(E) encoding macrolide-inactivating phosphotransferase were present. The class 1 and 2 integrons and extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes intl1, intl2, blaCTX-M, blaCTX-M-1, and blaTEM were detected. It is obvious to state that co-occurrence of resistance genes resulted in multiple drug-resistant phenotypes. The identified isolates were virulent, genetically diverse, and resistant to antimicrobials, highlighting the potential risk to livestock and humans.

The First Case of a Drug-Resistant Pasteurella multocida Prosthetic Knee Infection Successfully Treated With Debridement, Antibiotics, and Implant Retention

“…It is possible, however, that the meat used to produce dog food, in our case, came from foreign farms, where P. multocida resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, doxycycline, and tylosin was reported [ 17 ]. Furthermore, isolates of P. multocida resistant to various antibiotics, including amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, have recently been detected in animal feed [ 18 ].…”

Construction of a one-step multiplex real-time PCR assay for the detection of serogroups A, B, and E of Pasteurella multocida associated with bovine pasteurellosis

“…The capsular genotyping method was developed based on PCR detection of cap genes, using primers highly specific for different serogroups, and genotypes determined by this multiplex capsular PCR-based typing system were reliably and accurately distinguished among the podoconjugate serogroups (23). Currently, the serotype E of Pm is prevalent mainly in African countries, such as Egypt (16). In addition, the isolation of serogroup E from diseased cattle has been reported in other countries, such as England and Wales (45).…”

“…HS is caused by serotype B:2 in Asia and serotype E:2 in Africa, with disease outbreaks mostly occurring under monsoon conditions in Asian countries. Currently, the serotype E of Pm is prevalent mainly in African countries, such as Egypt ( 16 ). In addition, the isolation of serogroup E from diseased cattle has been reported in other countries, such as England and Wales ( 45 ).…”

“…Bovine pasteurellosis, caused by serogroups A, B, and E of Pm, is mainly manifested as bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and hemorrhagic septicemia (HS) (12). Reports of other serogroups (D and F) isolated from cattle are rare (14)(15)(16). In cattle, Pm infection usually results in BRD and HS.…”

Wrist abscess due to drug-resistant Pasteurella multocida

“…Antimicrobial additives to animal feeds have been attributed to spreading antimicrobial resistance [17] , [18] . Pasteurella multocida isolates resistant to various antibiotics, including amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, have been found in food animals [19] , [20] .…”